Problem
A. Compare and contrast the microscopic anatomy of the human kidney with that of a desert mammal for whom minimizing the loss of water in urine is a major concern. Which portions of the nephron are most important for concentrating urine in any mammal? Describe at least three differences between a human kidney and the kidney of a desert mammal that are evident using light microscopy and explain how the features of a desert mammal kidney relate to its ability to conserve water. Your descriptions should indicate an understanding of the organization of a mammalian kidney, including different parts of a nephron.
B. Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness. There are two forms of ARMD, dry and wet. What are the symptoms of ARMD, and what is the difference between the dry and wet forms? Describe the effects of ARMD on the microscopic structure of the eye as the disease progresses and explain how the disease ultimately results in the loss of vision. Your descriptions should indicate an understanding of the structure and organization of the retina and other relevant parts of the eye.