Assignment:
Instructions:
1. Enter your answers in the posted Excel answer sheet.
2. Include your name in the file name when saving your answer sheet.
3. Post your answer sheet in the discussion forum for Quiz.
1. A good quality immune response to a microbe or vaccine includes the following characteristics
a) High affinity antibodies,
b) Neutralizing antibodies,
c) Long lasting memory B cells,
d) Long lasting memory T cells,
e) All of above
2. Which cells are not able to support viral replication?
a) T cells,
b) B cells,
c) Dendritic cells,
d) Mature red blood cells
3 What was the main contributor to the spread of COVID19 in 2020.
a) Human behavior,
b) Wintertime,
c) Highly infectious variants,
d) Contaminated surfaces
4. What type of virus is a coronavirus?
a) + single stranded RNA,
b) Negative single stranded RNA,
c) Double stranded DNA,
d) Single stranded DNA
5. Which virus can immunosuppress B cells and destroy long term memory B cells after infection?
a) Polio,
b) Smallpox,
c) Measles,
d) Hepatitis A
6. What is an example of passive immunity
a) Infusion of convalescent sera,
b) Remdesivir,
c) Dexamethasone,
d) Vaccine
7. Viral variants can emerge due to
a) Unchecked viral replication,
b) Mutations at the nucleic level,
c) Changes in the amino acids that make up viral proteins,
d) all of above
8. Viral proteins can influence the human immune response how
a) By upregulating ACE 2 proteins thereby increasing infectivity,
b) Act as antagonists of the interferon pathway,
c) Can disrupt the process of antigen presentation,
d) Can alter NK killing activity,
e) All of the above
9. What contributes to antigen drift and shift
a) Mutations at the nucleic acid level,
b) Changes in the amino acid composition of viral epitopes,
c) Loss of antibody affinity for the viral epitope,
d) Loss of antibody specificity for the epitope,
e) All of above
10. The most prominent immunoglobulin in the gut is IgA. What cell produces IgA
a) Activated CD4+ cells,
b) B cell,
c) Plasma cell,
d) Activated macrophages
11. Human gut microbiome is responsible for
a) Digestion of complex carbohydrates,
b) Production of essential amino acids,
c) Creation of beneficial fatty acids,
d) Producing vitamins,
e) all of above
12. Which is not true of Zoonotic diseases
a) Can emerge from directly from wildlife,
b) Can emerge indirectly via an intermediate domestic animal host,
c) Will increase with climate change,
d) Will easily be managed by vaccines
13. What do viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites have in common
a) All have mechanisms of immune evasion,
b) All induce an innate response,
c) All activate specific PRR(PAMP)related to their molecular composition,
d) Have structural components (such as LPS in bacteria) that are seen as non-self by human immune system,
e) all of above
14 Which cells are capable of killing virally infected cells
a) Activated CD8+ cells & NK cells,
b) CD4+ cells,
c) B cells,
d) Epithelial cells.
15. Viral nucleic acid is detected by
a) Surface Toll Like Receptors,
b) Internal Toll Like Receptors such as RIG-1,
c) Complement receptors,
d) Cytokine receptors
16. What specific cytokine protects other cells from viral infection
a) IL-6,
b) Interferon,
c) Chemokine,
d) Complement
17. What is most characteristic of a secondary antibody response.
a) Primarily IgG,
b) Rapid response,
c) Greater specificity,
d) All of the above
18. Vaccines induce what type of immune response
a) Antibody only,
b) T cell only,
c) Both HI and CMI,
d) Always neutralizing antibodies
19. A subcellular component that is essential for both coronavirus replication and vaccine success is
a) Ribosome,
b) Mitochondria,
c) Nucleus,
d) Cytoskeletal proteins
20. Anti-COVID-19 Mab manufactured by Regeneron & Lilly for COVID19 have a half-life of.
a) Less than 30 days,
b) Several months,
c) Few years,
d) Lifelong immunity
21. Most important immunoglobulin for attacking parasites
a) IgM,
b) IgD,
c) IgE,
d)IgA
22. An example of active immunity
a) Mab from Lilly or Regeneron,
b) Convalescent plasma,
c) Dexamethasone,
d) Vaccination
23. Which cells are capable of degranulation and active in parasitic infections
a) Macrophages & Dendritic cells,
b) NK cells and activated T cells,
c) Eosinophils & Mast cells,
d) B cells and plasma cells
24. What components or processes of immune system are important to attack parasites
a) Complement proteins,
b) IgE,
c) Degranulation,
d) Phagocytosis,
e) All of above
25. Which cell is instrumental in transporting microbes from the intestinal lumen to Peyer Patches
a) Paneth cell,
b) M cells,
c) Goblet,
d) Dendritic cells
26. What factors influence the composition of the gut microbiome
a) Breast feeding,
b) Diet,
c) Medications,
d) Disease,
e) All of above
27. Which is not an RNA virus
a) Influenza,
b) Herpes,
c) HIV,
d) Measles
28. Ways in which coronaviruses can influence the immune response
a) Interfere with interferon signaling pathways,
b) Impair antigen presentation between APC cells T cells,
c) Down regulating or hiding from TLR,
d) By infecting immune cells,
e) All of the above
29. Which are important to maintaining a normal functional and healthy intestinal barrier
a) Mucous
b) Anti-microbial proteins
c) Pattern recognition receptors
d) IgA
e) All of above
30. What is a common innate mechanism for response to microbes
a) Specific PRR,
b) Anatomic barriers,
c) Acidity,
d) Antimicrobial proteins,
e) all of above