Problem 1. The firm produces pencils or erasers using only one machine, Super Machine. Super Machine can produce either pencils or erasers (it cannot make both). When this firm produces pencils, the business’s revenue is $50, and there is a production cost of $10. If this firm uses Super Machine to produce erasers, the business’s revenue is $80 and the production cost is $20. Presently, the firm produces pencils. There is no other cost for production such as depreciation.
(a) What is the accounting profit?
(b) What is the economic profit?
(c) Why are the accounting and economic profits different?
(d) Should this firm continue to produce pencils or change to producing erasers? Explain your answer?
(e) In order to buy Super Machine, this firm paid $15,000 (Fixed Cost). Is this cost important for deciding the optimal quantity to produce? Explain your answer?
Problem 2. Consider a firm that operates in a competitive industry. The total and marginal cost curves for the firm are given as follows:
TC = 3000000+0.001 Q2
MC = 0.002 Q
(a) Suppose the firm’s product is currently selling at $100 per unit, what is the firm’s profit maximizing quantity?
(b) What is the average cost for this firm?
(c) Should the firm operate or shutdown in the short run? Why?
Problem 3. Please finish the entire table below: (If there is no meaningful answer, please put N/A in that entry.)
Note: Q: quantity, TVC: Total variable cost, MC: Marginal Cost, AVC: Average variable cost, TFC: Total fixed cost, TC: Total Cost AFC: Average fixed cost, ATC: Average total cost
Problem 4. Firm A can produce a unit of output with 10 hours of labor and 5 units of material. Firm B can produce a unit of output with 5 hours of labor and 10 units of material. Firm C can produce a unit of output with 10 hours of labor and 10 units of material. If the prices of labor and material are $10 per hour and $5 per unit, respectively, which firm is the most technologically efficient?
Problem 5. The figure below shows three curves, MC, ATC and AVC, for the firm in a perfectly competitive market. Presently, in this market, the price of the good is $3. Use this graph to answer the following questions.
Note: At Point A, the price is $4.7 and the quantity is 11.
(a) What is the optimal quantity of goods for this firm to sell if the price is $3?
(b) Among the following labels, what is the appropriate label to describe the situation described in part (a)?
(1) Shut Down
(2) Loss
(3) Break-Even
(4) Economic Profit
(c) Is there any economic profit or economic loss? If so, calculate this value?
(d) What is the point (A, B, C or D) at which the situation is break-even for this firm?
(e) What is the shut-down price for this firm?