1. What entails taking away the individual's ability and/or opportunity to commit more crimes?
A. Retribution
B. Deterrence
C. Incapacitation
D. Rehabilitation
2. What correctional ideology views the offender as an example that can be used to deter future crimes?
A. Punishment ideology
B. Prevention ideology
C. Rehabilitation ideology
D. Historical ideology
3. Who recorded the first (known) written criminal code?
A. The Sumerians
B. King Hammurabi
C. Emperor Justinian
D. Cesare Beccaria
4. Who was the first to incorporate "conditional liberty" into punishment, the predecessor of modern parole systems?
A. Cesare Beccaria
B. Alexander Maconochie
C. Sir Walter Crofton
D. William Penn
5. Which of the following is a key element of the correctional filter which limits the number of individuals in our system of corrections?
A. Police discretion
B. Prosecutorial discretion
C. Pre-trial hearings
D. All the above
6. What is the court of last resort in the U.S.?
A. State Supreme Courts of Appeal
B. U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal
C. U.S. Supreme Court
D. U.S. District Courts
7. Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the correctional officer?
A. Oversee various prison programs
B. Control inmate behavior
C. Transport inmates
D. Observe inmates
8. Which of these is a characteristic that distinguishes a "good con" who upholds the informal code associated with prisonization?
A. Loyalty to other inmates
B. Confides in guards
C. Disregard for masculinity
D. Causes problem situations
9. What is the most commonly used dependent variable in criminological research?
A. Homicide rates
B. Recidivism
C. Drug treatment
D. Rehabilitation
10. What percentage of prison inmates struggle with alcoholism and/or alcohol dependence?
A. 3%
B. 38%
C. 50%
D. 90%