Question: Which of the circumstances listed below can lead to the formation of a spring? Need Assignment Help? View Available Hint(s)for Part A Groundwater in a deep regional system moves laterally downslope until it reaches the surface, where it flows out as a spring. An aquitard blocks the downward movement of groundwater, causing it to move laterally. Where the permeable rock layer crops out at the surface, the water gushes forth in a spring. Groundwater is pushed directly upward through a crack or opening in Earth's surface because it comes from an aquifer that is between two aquitards. A spring forms when the pressure surface is above the surface of the spring. Springs result from the upward movement of shallow groundwater as a result of underlying water pressure.