Eric is the nursing supervisor in charge of the hospital operations during the 3-11 pm shift. Joyce is the charge nurse in the emergency department, and Diane is the charge nurse in the intensive care unit. The three met one evening to discuss problems with moving patients out of the ED and into beds in the ICU. As they discuss the issues, Eric sits behind his desk, folds his hands, crosses his legs, and begins glancing at a paper on his desk. Joyce sits across from Eric with her legs and arms crossed. She looks directly at Eric. Diane pulls a chair from the wall, placing it near the corner of the desk, forming a triangle with the other two participants. She sits down, leans forward, and smiles.
What are the nonverbal cues from each of the participants? Identify the verbal and nonverbal facilitative and obstructive messages from each of the participants in this case.