Questions:
Question 1
Let B={v1,...,vn} be a basis of a subspace V of Rnx1. Let x be the nonzero vector x=a1v1+...+anvn for scalars ai. Let C={x, v2,...,vn}.
a) Show that if a1 is not equal to 0 then C is also a basis.
b) Show that if a1 =0 then C is not a basis.
Question 2
Prove that if A is a real n by n matrix and if the expression xTAy for x,y elements of Rnx1 does indeed define an inner product on Rnx1 then A must be symmetric and positive definite. Hint: consider i| ej>. Recall that a matrix A is positive definite if xTAx>0 for every nonzero vector x.
Question 3
Let V, W1, W2, and V0 be subspaces of Cnx1. Let B={u1, u2,...,un} be an orthonormal basis of V. Define V0- = {u | u - v0 for all v0 that are elements of V0}. Observe (DO NOT PROVE) that the intersection of W1 and W2, W1 + W2, and V0- are subspaces of V. By definition the sum W1 + W2 is said to be direct if the intersection of W1 and W2 consists only of the zero vector.
a) Suppose that {u1,...,uk} (where k is less than or equal to n ) is an orthonormal basis of V0. Show that V0- = span{uk+1,...,un}
And that
V0 + V0- = V.
b) Show that the sum V0 + V0- is a direct sum.
c) Show that if W1 + W2 is a direct sum then every vector w in W1 + W2 has a unique representation as w= w1+w2 for w1 in W1 and w2 in W2.
d) Conclude that every vector v in V has a unique representation as v = v0 + y with v0 in V0 and y in V0-.