Question: Introduction: Basic Concepts
The focus of this course is on understanding and properly using the concepts and language of descriptive and inferential statistics in the context of research. During this course, you will develop important critical thinking skills as you interpret and critique data analyses in various research designs. Mastery in these areas will improve your ability to effectively communicate and report statistical reasoning and results using professional language and APA formatting.
The first week of the course provides a foundation of the study of statistics in the behavioral sciences. We will explore the basic concepts, characteristics, and types of statistics, variables, and distributions. In addition, you will explore the different ways of describing data using measures of central tendency, variability, and the normal distribution.
You should consider the following questions before and during the readings and assignments this week:
1. What is the purpose of studying and understanding statistics, both descriptive and inferential?
2. What are the differences between the following concepts: descriptive and inferential statistics; populations and samples; parameters and statistics; independent and dependent variables; and scales of measurement (i.e., nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio)?
3. How are frequency distributions used to organize and graphically represent data? What can the shape of the frequency distribution tell us about the data?
4. What are the different measures of central tendency and variability? How are they calculated or determined?
5. What are the characteristics of a normal distribution?
6. When and why would we use z scores and means?
Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this week, students will be able to:
1. Explain the difference between a sample and the population. (Aligns with CLOs 1)
2. Identify the various attributes of a variable (e.g., discrete versus continuous, quantitative versus categorical, and scale of measurement). (Aligns with CLOs 1)
3. Explain the characteristics and usefulness of a normal distribution. (Aligns with CLOs 1)
4. Interpret z scores. (Aligns with CLOs 1)