1. When deciding cases, the U.S. Supreme Court usually relies on the _______ approach.
A. common sense
B. deontological
C. hedonistic
D. teleological
2. The ethical contract between the government and the people is found in the
A. Declaration of Independence.
B. judiciary.
C. U.S. penal code.
D. U.S. Constitution.
3. In reference to retail loss prevention, which statement is true?
A. Most loss prevention workers are public employees.
B. Private security firms are usually not-for-profit companies.
C. Security agents have the right to detain any suspected shoplifter.
D. Care must be taken that a suspected shoplifter is not searched illegally.
4. Opponents of rehabilitation efforts in penal institutions get support for their position by pointing to Martinson's study, which says that
A. people who are "rehabilitated" still commit crimes once released from prison.
B. the success or failure of rehabilitation can't be determined in the amount of time an average prisoner spends in jail.
C. the American public isn't willing to pay for rehabilitation programs.
D. retribution works better than rehabilitation
5. According to Braswell, McCarthy, and McCarthy, criminal justice ethics is shaped by all of the following except
A. the U.S. Constitution.
B. social context
. C. a personal sense of justice.
D. criminal justice.
6. A criminal justice professional must be able to justify an ethical decision based on
A. his or her own set of values.
B. a work handbook.
C. precedents.
D. the law.
7. Which of the following is an ethical system that focuses solely on the inherent nature of the act being judged?
A. Deontological system
B. Ethics of care
C. Utilitarianism
D. Teleological system
8. A form of punishment deeming that an equal portion should be given up by someone who took from another is
A. lex talionis.
B. quid pro quo.
C. lago vista.
D. ex parte.
9. Amendments to the U.S. Constitution upheld most commonly by the criminal justice professional are
A. IV, V, VII, VIII, and XIV.
B. I, II, IV, V, and VI.
C. I, III, V, and VI.
D. IV, V, VI, VIII, and XIV.
10. According to Pollock (2010) what are the four ethical elements that each criminal justice professional encounters?
A. Compassion, discretion, duty to uphold constitutional protections, and enforcement.
B. Favoritism, discretion, duty to enforce the law, and public service
C. Discretion, duty to enforce the law, duty to uphold constitutional protections, and public service.
D. Discretion, duty to enforce the law, duty to uphold constitutional protections, and fairness.
11. Who gives the government authority to carry out penalties for criminal offenses?
A. Citizens
B. American Bar Association
C. Legal professionals
D. President
12. Which of the following is a law that gives criminal justice professionals authority to maneuver around the Fourth Amendment?
A. Fifth Amendment
B. Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001
C. Patriot Act
D. Caldero v. Crank
13. Correctional personnel cannot punish individuals for things that haven't been deemed unlawful by
A. statutes, ordinances, or judicial precedent.
B. statutes, police officers, or judicial precedent.
C. laws, ordinances, or judges.
D. laws, ordinances, or the Bill of Rights.
14. Ethos is a Greek word meaning
A. character or conduct.
B. morality.
C. custom or character.
D. good, bad, or indifferent.
15. The _______ Amendment of the Constitution provides for the right to counsel in fighting a criminal charge.
A. Second
B. Fifth
C. Fourth
D. Sixth
16. Positivist criminology puts the spotlight on
A. what the victim could have done to prevent the crime.
B. incarceration rather than community service.
C. retribution.
D. the criminal rather than the crime.
17. Which of the following is an ethical system that states that the good of society is more important than the good of the individual?
A. Ethical formalism
B. Utilitarianism
C. Relativism
D. Ethics of care
18. Which philosopher was a proponent of the phrase "honesty is the best policy"?
A. Mill
B. Kant
C. Kohlberg
D. Bentham
19. Which amendment of the U.S. Constitution says that once a person has been acquitted of a crime, he or she may not be retried for that same crime, even if evidence of guilt comes to light?
A. Fifth
B. Second
C. Fourth
D. First
20. The theory of stages of moral development is attributed to which of the following authors?
A. Emmanuel Kant
B. Jeremy Bentham
C. Karl Menninger
D. Lawrence Kohlberg