Pericardiocentesis
It is removal of fluid form the pericardial sac. It is a specialized procedure done n ICU or cardiac cath lab or OT. A 16 or 18 gauge needle is inserted into the pericardial space at the level below xipistemum. The needle is connected to ECG monitor as well as to pressure monitor for monitoring of ECG and hemodynamic measurements. The needle is attached to the drainage system to allow the fluid to drain. Monitor colour, consistency and amount of fluid. Hemodynamic support is given to patient. All emergency equipment to be kept ready nearby. You may have to read more about this procedure from the reference book in the library.
Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis
Begins with initial episode of acute pericarditis, gradually progressed towards a chronic stage of fibrous scarring, thickening of pericardium and obliteration of pericardial space.