United Producers (UP), an unleveraged firm, has a total market value of $10 million, consisting of 500,000 shares of common stock selling at $20 per share. Management is considering recapitalizing by issuing enough debt so that the firm has a capital structure consisting of 20 percent debt (based on market values) at a before-tax cost of 10 percent. UP will use the proceeds to repurchase stock at the new equilibrium market price. UP’s marginal tax rate is 40 percent. It has earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) of $2 million; it expects zero growth in EBIT, and it pays out all earnings as dividends.