A
1. Two main reasons for the resurgence of TB are ______HIV__________________ and ___ drug-resistance strains of the organism______________________.
2. A definitive diagnosis of TB is made by ________Skin Test _______________ and ________________________.
3. Infection with a resistant organism can be acquired in two ways: _____________ and __________________.
4. What is the prime directive regarding treatment? ______________________________________
5. Which two drugs are almost always included in the treatment regimen? __________________ and __________________
6. ____________________ is the treatment of choice for latent TB.
7. The most common adverse effect of isoniazid is _________________________.
8. An adverse effect unique to rifampin is ________________.
9. Pyrazinamide is ______________________ to M. tuberculosis.
10. The adverse effect of ethambutol is ________________________.
B
1. ________________ is the drug of choice for preventing anthrax in people who have inhaled anthrax spores.
2. Because of the risk of _____________________, ciprofloxacin is not recommended for children younger than 18 years of age.
3. Ciprofloxacin is the only systemic _______________________ approved for pediatric use.
4. Absorption of oral ofloxacin is reduced by cationic substances, such as ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, ________________, and ________________.
5. Ciprofloxacin can increase plasma levels of ______________________, ______________________, and ______________________.
6. Ofloxacin elevates plasma levels of warfarin but has little effect on levels of ______________.
7. Fluoroquinolones pose a risk of ___________________ that may be moderate or severe.
8. ___________________ is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone indicated for respiratory infections such as community-acquired pneumonia.
9. ___________________ is used for protozoal infections and infections caused by obligate anaerobic bacteria.
10. _______________________ is used primarily for tuberculosis.
C
1. The opportunistic mycoses include ______________, ______________, ______________, and ______________. The nonopportunistic mycotic infections include ______________, ______________, ______________, and ______________.
2. Much of the toxicity of amphotericin is attributable to the presence of __________________, principally ________________, in mammalian cell membranes.
3. __________________________ is the drug of choice for most systemic mycoses.
4. Amphotericin B is toxic to the ______________________________.
5. The combination of _______________ with a relatively low dose of amphotericin can produce antifungal effects equivalent to those of a high dose of amphotericin alone.
6. _________________ is an alternative to amphotericin B for the treatment of several systemic mycoses.
7. Compared with amphotericin B, the current first-choice drug for invasive aspergillosis, ________________, is equally effective and poses a much lower risk of kidney damage.
8. Because the development of resistance is common, ________________ is almost always used in combination with amphotericin B.
9. Effective topical agents for the treatment of thrush include ____________, ____________, and ____________.
10. The drugs used most often for oral therapy of onychomycosis are ____________ and ____________.