A circuit board inside of a GPS receiver is being designed tooperate at 1.6 GHz. The circuit layout calls for a 8 pF capacitor as part of a low-pass filter, buta lumped element capacitor is not available at this frequency. Instead the circuit designerdecides to use a short circuited transmission line to create the same reactance as the capacitor at1.6 GHz. Lossless 75 Ohm microstrip lines are used on the 3 mmthick circuit board, which is made of a material withε=4ε0, μ=μ0.
What effective capacitance does the transmission line create at 1.55 GHz? At 1.65 GHz?