How dynamic biological processes represented as network?
Many dynamic biological processes throughout a wide range of ecological scales are easily represented as dynamical networks, or as dynamical systems that happen on top of a network: systems of gene regulation (Frank 1999, Johnson and Porter 2000), interacting enzyme cascades (Ravasz et al. 2002), epidemics in human societies (Keeling 1999), and food webs (Dunne et al. 2002) are only a few examples. Ecologists must study the network properties of food webs as the 1950s, but research into the mathematical properties of biological networks at each level of organization has burgeoned in current years.