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How can I make notes with bullet points in this paragraph? In turn, this cognitive support is linked with more advanced language development at 24 months (Cates et al., 2012). In some cultures, such as the Mayans of Mexico, the Walpiri of Australia, and some groups of African Americans in the southern United States, parents do not regard infants as conversational partners (Hoff, 2014), and so they do not directly address them; however, they hold the babies so they can see the adults talking and what they are talking about (Lieven, 1994). Infants also learn to use gestures to communicate. By the time they are 6 months old, they respond with gestures when they are offered or shown things, and they begin to use pointing and reaching gestures to guide others' attention to particular objects and just like adults they often combine these gestures with vocalizations (Esteve-Gibert & Prieto, 2014). By pointing, they learn the names for objects that interest them (Hoff, 2014), and they also learn that a social partner-usually the parent-is a valuable source of information and assistance (Cochet et al., 2014). Infants use gestures to get their parents to do something for them; for example, they point to a teddy bear on a high shelf to have the parent get it down. Older preverbal children use this form of communication very effectively, often checking to make sure the listener is looking in the right direction and is able to respond to their request (Bates et al., 1989). Need Assignment Help?