Sickle-cell anemia is hereditary medical condition affecting red blood cells which is thought to protect against malaria, a debilitating parasitic infection of the liver and blood. That would explain why the sickle-cell trait is found in people who originally came from Africa, where malaria is widespread. A study in Africa tested 543 children for the sickle-cell trait and also for malaria infection. In all, 25% of the children had sickle-cell and 6.6% of the children had both sickle-cell and malaria. Overall, 34.6% of the children had malaria.
(a) What is the probability that a child has either malaria or sickle-cell? Please use 3 decimal places.
(b) What is the probability that a child has neither malaria nor sickle-cell? Please use 3 decimal places.
(c) What is the probability that a child has malaria given that the child has the sickle-cell trait? Please use 3 decimal places.
(d) What is the probability that a child has malaria given that the child does not have the sickle-cell trait? Please use 3 decimal places.
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