Binary Choice:
Problem 1. The two equations characterizing the labor market of country Omega are as follows, where L is units of labor and W is the wage rate:
LD=100
LS=W
Suppose 20 foreign workers with exactly the same skills and same education level asdomestic workers immigrate to country Omega and try to find a job. Holding everything else constant, what will happen to capital productivity in Omega?
a) It will be unaffected.
b) It will increase.
Problem 2. The following table shows the nominal interest rate and CPI for 2013 and 2014.
|
Year
|
CPI
|
Nominal Interest Rate
|
|
2013
|
110
|
5
|
|
2014
|
121
|
8
|
Given this information, the real interest rate in 2014 is
a) -2%
b) 3%
Problem 3. Starting in 2014, you invested $1,000 in a bond that has different preset annual interest rates over different periods. Suppose your money doubles to $2,000 after 14 years, doubles again to $4,000 after 10 years, and doubles a third time to $8,000 in the year 2066. Given this information and holding everything else constant, what is the annual interest rate in the third and final period?
a) 2%
b) 2.5%
Problem 4. Consider the following data for an economy that produces only two goods: apples and hamburgers.
|
Year
|
Apples
|
Hamburgers
|
|
Quantity
|
Price
|
Quantity
|
Price
|
|
2010
|
100
|
3
|
200
|
0.5
|
|
2013
|
150
|
2
|
100
|
3
|
Given the information in the table above, the GDP deflator for 2013 using 2010 as the base year is:
a) 66.67
b) 120
Problem 5. In a certain economy, production is done using only technology and labor (with diminishing returns to labor). Assume that the population in an economy grows larger and larger forever without bound. To ensure that labor productivity stays constant as the population grows, what must happen?
a) Given the above information, it is not possible for labor productivity to stay constant.
b) Technology must improve as well.
6. Suppose a full-time college student is an athlete who practices 40-hours-per-week in addition to doing coursework in order to receive a scholarship to attend college. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics is this person employed?
a) Yes, this person is employed.
b) No, this person isnot employed.
Problem 7. Assume that there is an economy that has three firms: a flour company, a vegetable oil company, and a doughnut company. Assume that doughnuts are made from only flour and vegetable oil. Flour and vegetable oil are each produced by a distinct firm with each firm using only labor and capital to produce their good. The doughnut company buys the flour and the vegetable oil from the first two companies then uses labor, capital and land to create the doughnuts. The factor payments from these activities are as follows:
|
|
Wages
|
Payments for Capital
|
Rent for Land
|
Profit
|
|
Flour Company
|
$200
|
$100
|
$0
|
X
|
|
Vegetable Oil Company
|
$300
|
$100
|
$0
|
X
|
|
Doughnut Company
|
$200
|
$200
|
$100
|
$100
|
You are also told that the Doughnut Company sells $1500 worth of final product in the form of doughnuts and that the Flour Company and the Vegetable Oil Company earn equal profits of $X. Given this information and holding everything else constant, what is the level of profits equal to for the Flour Company?
a) $100
b) $200
Problem 8. The level of capital in an economy decreases. Holding everything else constant, capital productivity in this economy may remain unchanged if _______________
a) technology decreases.
b) the number of workers employed in the economy increases.
Problem 9. After the government implements a new policy, we observe anincreasein the real wage rate and an increase in capital productivity. We are told that the policy shifted only one of the labor market curves. Given this information and holding everything else constant, which of the following policies could have resulted in this outcome?
a) The government increases purchases of domestic goods.
b) The government imposes a ban on exports.
Problem 10. Suppose you are told that the nominal GDP in Switzerland decreased by 25 percent between 2013 and 2014. If labor and technology are fixed, then given this information and holding everything else constant, capital productivity must have increased between 2013 and 2014.
a) True
b) False
Multiple Choice:
Use the following information to answer the next TWO (2) questions.
The aggregate output in a given country is represented by the following equation where Y is real GDP, K is units of capital, and L is units of labor:
The labor market is characterized by the following two equations, where L is the quantity of labor and W is the wage rate:
W = 500 - 2LD
W = 200 + LS
Problem 11. Suppose the government sets a minimum wage $80, and capital stock is K=100. Given this information, and holding everything else constant, what is the equilibrium output level?
a) 80
b) 100
c) 150
d) 200
Problem 12. Now suppose the government decides to eliminate the minimum wage. With the elimination of the minimum wage and the given information, which of the following statements is true?
a) Capital productivity is equal to 10 units of output per unit of capital.
b) Capital productivity is equal to 100 units of output per unit of capital.
c) Labor productivity is equal to 1 unit of output per unit of labor.
d) Labor productivity is equal to 10 units of labor per unit of output.
Problem 13. Substitution bias is a well-known problem that affects the accuracy of the Consumer Price Index. It refers to the following situation:
a) Consumers switch away from consuming goods that have become relatively more expensive.
b) Consumers switch away from consuming low quality goods.
c) Consumers switch towards consuming new goods not present in the market basket.
d) Producers switch away from producing goods that have become relatively less expensive.
Problem 14. Sinclair Tires in 2014 produced 500,000 tires and each tire had a market value of $100 per tire. Sinclair sold some of its tires as intermediate goods to be used in the production of new 2014 cars and it kept 20% of its entire tire production as inventory for 2015. It sold the rest of the tires as replacement tires. Holding everything else constant, if the contribution to total GDP using the expenditure approach by Sinclair in 2014 is equal to $20,000,000, then the value of the tires sold as intermediate goods could be calculated as
a) $20,000,000
b) $10,000,000
c) $40,000,000
d) $30,000,000
Problem 15. Consider the three following countries with their current populations and population growth rates. Which country's population will reach 1 billion first?
|
|
Current Population
|
Annual Population Growth Rate
|
|
Country A
|
62.5 million
|
7%
|
|
Country B
|
125 million
|
5%
|
|
Country C
|
31.25 million
|
10%
|
a) Country A
b) Country B
c) Country C
d) There are two countries that reach a population of 1 billion at the same time.
Problem 16. Real GDP will decrease
a) Only if the price level decreases.
b) If either the price level decreases or the quantity of final goods and services produced decreases.
c) Only if the price level increases.
d) Only if the quantity of final goods and services produced decreases.
Use the following figure to answer the next TWO (2) questions.
The graph depicts the two aggregate production functions for the economy of Fantasy. Currently Fantasy is producing at point W.
Problem 17. Fantasy has chosen a target for next year's real GDP to be at point Z.Which of the following proposals will help them reach their target?
a) If we assume that in the above graph the x-axis represents labor, then Fantasy should invest in a higher level of technology, while holding capital and labor constant, in order to reach their target.
b) If we assume that in the above graph the x-axis represents capital, then Fantasy should increase their level of capital, while holding labor and technology constant, in order to reach their target.
c) If we assume that in the above graph the x-axis represents labor, then Fantasy should increase its level of labor and capital, while holding its technology constant, in order to reach their target.
d) If we assume that in the above graph the x-axis represents capital, then Fantasy should increase its use of labor and technology, while holding its capital constant, in order to reach their target.
Problem 18. Suppose the x-axis represents capital and Fantasy is right now at point W. Which of the following proposals will guarantee that Fantasy increases its capital productivity from its current level?
a) Invest in a policy that through research and development improves the level of technology.
b) Invest in a policy that increases the use of labor and the use of capital.
c) Invest in a policy that increases the level of technology and the use of capital.
d) Invest in a policy that decreases the use of labor and the use of capital.
Problem 19. Land, Capital, and Labor are inputs used in an economy's production function which has diminishing marginal returns. War would allow the country to acquire additional land and capital at the expense of losing units of labor. Given this information, what happens to labor productivity if the country decides to go to war?
a) Labor productivity decreases.
b) Labor productivity increases.
c) Labor productivity stays the same.
d) The change in labor productivity is indeterminate.
Problem 20. There are lots of available jobs in North Dakota. Suppose the government decides that it will not count an individual as part of the labor force if this individual currently does not have a job, has applied for jobs, but has failed to apply for a job in North Dakota. Now to be eligible for unemployment benefits, you must be declared unemployed by this new standard. Given this new standard and holding everything else constant, what happens to the labor market in Wisconsin and what happens to the amount the state of Wisconsin pays out in unemployment benefits?
a) Labor supply shifts to the left and unemployment payments rise.
b) Labor supply shifts to the right and unemployment payments rise.
c) Labor supply shifts to the left and unemployment payments fall.
d) Labor supply shifts to the right and unemployment payments fall.
Problem 21. A small economy produces only two goods, apples (A) and bananas (B). The following table summarizes the economy in the previous two years.
|
|
2012
|
2013
|
|
Quantity (A)
|
3,000
|
2,000
|
|
Price (A)
|
$1
|
$1.25
|
|
Quantity (B)
|
1,000
|
500
|
|
Price (B)
|
$0.50
|
$0.25
|
Given the information above, what is the real GDP in 2012 using 2013 as the base year?
a) $2,250
b) $2,625
c) $3,500
d) $4,000
Problem 22. Capital, K, in an economy is currently at 100 units. The following graph represents the economy's output, Y, in terms of capital.
If labor is fixed, the slope of line ____ represents the economy's MPK at the current level of capital.
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
Use the following figure to answer the next TWO (2) questions.
The market basket in a simple economy consists of 3 units of good X and 5 units of good Y.
|
|
1990
|
2000
|
2010
|
|
Price of good X
|
$20
|
$20
|
$15
|
|
Price of good Y
|
?
|
$8
|
$16
|
Problem 23. If the base year is 2010, what is the CPI of 2000 if the CPI is measured on a 100 point scale?
a) 80
b) 75
c) 100
d) 125
Problem 24. Given that the inflation rate between the years 2000-2010 is the same as the inflation rate between the years 1990-2000, what is the price of Y in the year 1990?
a) $4.50
b) $5.00
c) $4.00
d) $5.50
Problem 25. The following equations characterize the the demand and supply of loanable funds, where the only source of demand comes from private borrowers:
i = 12 - (1/2)QD
i = QS
where Q is the quantity of loans in billions of dollars and i is the interest rate.
Suppose that the government runs a deficit of $6 billion. Given this information and holding everything else constant, what is the quantity of loans demanded by private borrowers?
a) $0 billion
b) $4 billion
c) $8 billion
d) $10 billion