Problem 1: What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
Problem 2: This study investigated whether absent students whose homes received phone calls via a computer-activated message device had a better school attendance record than students whose homes were not called. 150 students in three high schools were randomly selected to receive the messages whenever they were absent. 150 students randomly selected students served as the control group. They did not receive any absence notification. After 60 days, the attendance records for the groups were compared. Results revealed that students whose homes were called were absent significantly less than students whose homes were not called.
- Research question:
- Independent variable:
- Dependent variable:
Problem 3: The researcher hypothesized that peer evaluation, as part of the writing process, would lead to improved attitudes toward writing as measured by the Writing Attitude Scale for Students (WASS). Four intact classes of eighth graders were randomly assigned to the treatment group. This group received peer evaluation training and utilized peer evaluation during three writing assignments. Four randomly selected classes served as the control group. They received feedback from teachers only after their writing assignments. Both groups completed the WASS after the research period was over. Results indicate that the treatment group had significantly higher scores on the WASS than the control group.
- Research question:
- Independent variable:
- Dependent variable:
Problem 4: Children who entered kindergarten at age 5 were compared with children who entered kindergarten at age 6 on measures of academic achievement taken at grade 5. Results indicate that children who entered kindergarten at age 6 scored significantly higher on standardized tests measuring reading achievement and mathematics achievement.
- Research question:
- Independent variable:
- Dependent variable:
Problem 5: A school psychologist wants to determine if a remedial reading course increases scores in reading comprehension for lower SES elementary age children. They are compared to a group receiving regular reading instruction.
- Research question:
- Independent variable:
- Dependent variable:
Problem 6: A sample of adult drivers records auto gas consumption for two weeks. Then they are given a presentation and a brochure of energy-saving tips. After the presentation, they are asked to record the gasoline consumption of their automobiles.
- Research question:
- Independent variable:
- Dependent variable: