Problem: Although the symptoms of key mood disorders may overlap, the criteria of diagnosis and treatment for Bipolar I disorders, Bipolar II disorders and Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) vary significantly. For instance, Bipolar I Disorder typically is diagnosed by the existence of at least one episode of Mania with or without psychosis or hospitalization and Depressive episodes (Nierenberg et al., 2023). Depression episodes, as well as a few instances of major depression without mania, are indicators of Bipolar II Disorder. However, MDD means frequent episodes of depression devoid of mania or hypomania. The disorders can be difficult to distinguish clinically, with the symptoms of depression prevailing. Wu et al. (2024) note that patients diagnosed with bipolar disorders are often mistaken with MDD, especially where hypomanic features are minor or not properly reported. Correct diagnosis as a provider needs to be taken with a full psychiatric history, collateral information, longitudinal assessment of symptoms, and utilize DSM-5-TR criteria (Wu et al., 2024; Nierenberg et al., 2023). The family history, the age of onset, and antidepressant-induced mood elevation are other significant features that need attention in the determination of bipolar spectrum disorders and MDD. Need Assignment Help?