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How can I make notes with bullet points in this paragraph? Mothers' and fathers' parenting Over the past decades, there has been a significant shift in how much fathers participate in children's lives. In the 1970s, fathers were only about one-third as engaged with their children as mothers were; today it's closer to three-quarters (Pleck, 2010). Nevertheless, even today, fathers typically spend less time with their children than mothers do and are less likely to supervise the children's play with peers (Ladd, 2005; Ladd & Pettit, 2002). This difference appears not only in the United States but also in other countries including Great Britain, Australia, France, Belgium, and Japan (Zuzanek, 2000). But despite the fact that fathers spend a limited amount of time with their children, they have an important influence on the children's development (Lamb & Lewis, 2013). Studies show that fathers make a significant contribution to their children's social behavior, independent of the mother's contribution (Hart et al., 1998; McDowell & Parke, 2009; Parke & Cookston, 2019). If fathers are more positive and prosocial in their interactions and responsive to their children's emotional displays, the children are more competent with peers; if fathers are confrontational, angry, and emotionally insensitive in their interactions, their children are less competent (Baker et al., 2011). Need Assignment Help?