Assignment:
You have just been hired by a major chemical comp. Located on the west coast. In your first week your company is being accused of leaking toxic effluent into an inlet 5 km upstream of a major commercial salmon hatchery. In the past week thousands of young salmon have died. Everyone is upset at your company- the public, the environmentalists, the government and the politicians. Legal action is being threatened.
Your CEO insists that nothing in the effluent is toxic. In fact, he pointed out that it is treated before it is discharged. He is determined to vindicate the company, so he assembles a team to conduct some experiments to provide evidence that the effluent is not killing the salmon. You, should you choose to accept the assignment is to help in the design of these experiments and collection of data.
Knowing what you know about water quality and source protection, lists some tests and outline procedures that you think might help vindicate your company. Also, comment on whether the public etc... is justified in their accusations.
Here are some of my points that I think are valid...
-chemical tests on fish... mass spectrometer... reference comparing to poisons
- It can't be a chemical that bio accumulate because so many died so quickly...ie- lead aluminium, arsenic, mercury
- -test for pesticides, hydrogen sulphide... and other chemicals that remove oxygen in the river- suffocation
- tests vegetation around riverbank and other org. around
- LD50 of daphnia magna- indicator of toxins
- Micro-tox test.
- Chlorine dioxide--- pulp mill
- Cyanide....
- Look at logs kept by company.
- Verify calibration of company's instruments.
- Look into what the company makes, and their processes
- Interviews with employees who are involved with aspects of production
- Time of season... runoff???
- biological oxygen demand (BOC)
- chemical oxygen demand (COD)
- BOC/COD ratio
- total organic carbon (TOC)
- dissolved oxygen (CO)
- temperature
- pH
- total dissolved solids (TDS)
- chemical components of the effluent
- measurement/calculation of the natural biota (determining if unusually high numbers are being found or unusual biota for the location are being found)
- -toxicity tests may also be considered
- Samples should be taken from upstream of the site, downstream, at the point of discharge from the chemical plant and at the hatchery
- collect samples of the dead fish and measure their tissues to determine if any chemicals or substances can be found in the tissue that can tie them with the chemical plant.
- the adjacent land uses to the hatchery, the plant and even upstream.. The land uses could include agricultural practices that may increase runoff of fertilizers, pesticides or manure into the river to cause contamination. Possibly the effluent can become harmful if it combines with fertilizer or some other substances and may only become enhanced due to that factor.