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Determinants of stereotyping and prejudice
Researchers have found that when adults are shown faces from a different race it activates neural activity in the amygdala, a region of the brain associated with fear, anger, and sadness (Cunningham et al., 2004). Being primed to react with negative emotions when encountering persons of a different race may be adaptive from an evolutionary perspective and might suggest that prejudice has a biological basis (Hirschfeld, 2008). However, prejudice occurs as the result of many social factors as well, including prejudiced messages from parents, peers, schools, and media. For young children, parents are the most important factor in promoting prejudice, and their influence begins early. Researchers in one study found that parents' racial socialization began by the time their children were only 18 months old and predicted the children's racial attitudes at ages 3 and 4 years (Katz, 2003). Parents are especially influential if their children closely identify with them and see them as appropriate models for their own behavior (Sinclair et al., 2005). Adolescents are likely to more closely adopt their parents' attitudes toward immigrants if they perceive their parents as supportive but there is also evidence that the adolescent-parent influence is bidirectional with each influencing the other (Miklikowska, 2016). Need Assignment Help?