Problem
Chapter 5 Chemical Messengers & Cell Signaling.
A. Explain the many effects of increases in intracellular calcium ion concentrations.
B. Describe the signal transduction mechanisms for enzyme-linked receptors (tyrosine kinases and guanylate cyclase).
C. Explain the three main signal transduction mechanisms for GPCRs
D. Describe the basic structure of a GPCR and a G protein.
E. Describe the two main effectors of GPCRs/G proteins.
F. Describe the role of an amplifier enzyme.
G. Explain the changes that occur in a G protein as it becomes active and then inactive.
H. Explain the signal transduction mechanism for slow ligand-gated ion channels.
I. Know the 5 second messengers produced by G protein-regulated enzymes and the purpose of second messenger systems.
J. Explain the signal transduction mechanism for the cAMP second messenger system.
K. Explain the signal transduction mechanism for the phosphotidyl inositol second messenger system.
L. Describe how cAMP activity is regulated in the cell.
M. Describe how calcium functions as a second messenger.
N. Explain signal amplification and understand its importance in GPCR signal transduction.
O. Explain the importance of the termination of cell signaling, and ways this can be accomplished.