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Factors that promote ethnic identity Parents play a major role in the development of children's ethnic identity by imparting knowledge about cultural traditions, instilling pride in their ethnic heritage, and preparing children for the hardships that can accompany minority status, such as prejudice and discrimination, especially in the case of recent immigrant families (Seaton et al., 2012; Umana-Taylor et al., 2013). This socialization process serves a protective function and makes children more resilient in the face of prejudice (Neblett et al., 2012). In one study, eighth-grade African American children who said that they had received frequent messages about race pride and a moderate amount of preparation for bias from their parents had higher self-esteem when faced with discrimination than children whose parents did not provide these forms of support (Harris-Britt et al., 2007). In another study, a higher level of racial socialization in African American families was associated with less aggression and acting out in adolescence (Bannon et al., 2004). Most minority group parents do socialize their children regarding ethnic issues and prejudice (Spencer et al., 2015), especially older children (Hughes et al., 2006, 2009). Parents who do not socialize their children leave them vulnerable and unprepared for discrimination (Spencer et al., 2015). Need Assignment Help?