DEP 2100 Child Growth and Development Assignment- Miami Dade College, Miami
1) This area of the brain begins to develop in early childhood and is the last to fully develop. It is responsible for a child's judgment and the ability to regulate their emotions (inhibition).
i. hippocampus
ii. amygdala
iii. prefrontal cortex
iv. temporal lobe
2) Which of the following is a likely cause of rising obesity rates in the U.S.?
i. Barriers to physical activity, including transportation, expenses, and time restraints
ii. Availability and costs of unhealthy fast foods
iii. Growing interests in sedentary lifestyles
iv. All of the above
3) The development of specific skills in which new synapses form to code the experience are called:
i. experience-expectant
ii. experience-dependent
iii. myelination
iv. synaptic pruning
4) Which of the following skills would NOT be considered experience-expectant?
i. language acquisition
ii. walking
iii. jumping
iv. playing an instrument
5) Early scientists, such as Sigmund Freud, believed that infants are unable to remember anything before the age of 3 years, but newer research suggests that children of all ages remember just what they need to remember. This notion is referred to as:
i. depth perception
ii. object permanence
iii. self-awareness
iv. infantile amnesia
6) In childhood, boys are generally better at motor skills in comparison to girls.
i. fine
ii. gross
iii. intricate
iv. finite
7) Which of the following is a common cause of death in early childhood?
i. Drowning
ii. SIDS
iii. Cancer
iv. All of the above
8) Which of the following is a warning sign that a child may be being abused?
i. Extreme behavior
ii. Fear of adults or care providers
iii. Nightmares
iv. All of the above
9) According to Piaget, this developmental stage is characterized as a time of symbolic function, thinking beyond the present into the future, and developing language at a very rapid rate.
i. Sensorimotor Stage
ii. Preoperational Stage
iii. Concrete Operations
iv. Formal Operations
10) You have two balls of clay that are of equal size. You give one to Jeff and roll the other into a hotdog shape. Jeff cries, "That's not fair, you have more than me!" What stage of Piaget's developmental thinking is Jeff demonstrating?
i. preoperational
ii. transitional
iii. concrete operational
iv. formal operational
11) The Piagetian characteristic of preoperational thought whereby a young child focuses on one idea, excluding all others is called:
i. assimilation
ii. accommodation
iii. animism
iv. centration
12) When Mrs. Lopez asked her 4-year-old classroom, "Who can lift this table?" all the preschoolers raised their hands with excitement. This is because:
i. preschool children have an exaggerated sense of self-confidence due to inexperience with failure
ii. preschool children tend to over-estimate their abilities
iii. of egocentrism
iv. All of the above
13) Giulianna (3-years-old) started to cry while watching her parents' wedding video because she wanted to know why she was not invited. Her parents tried to explain to her that she was not born yet, but she had difficulty understanding this concept. This is due to:
i. conservation
ii. static reasoning
iii. irreversibility
iv. animism
14) Which of the following is an example of limited understanding of conservation of volume during the preoperational period of development?
i. Two equal glasses of lemonade are poured into two separate cylinders, one is wider and the other taller. To a preoperational child, the taller glass has more lemonade.
ii. There are two equal rows of 10 candies. One row is separated to appear longer. The preoperational child believes that the longer row has more candy.
iii. A three-year-old is asked, "Which is worth more: a penny or a dime?" She answers, "A penny because it is bigger."
iv. All of the above.
15) A two-year-old bangs his knee against the table and says to the table, "Hey, say you're sorry!" This is an example of:
i. conservation
ii. static reasoning
iii. irreversibility
iv. animism
16) Preschoolers' memories are often highly inaccurate because:
i. They are partly determined by how soon after the event the memories are assessed.
ii. They may be influenced by leading questions.
iii. They may be affected by cultural factors.
iv. All of the above.
17) The information currently active in your memory system and currently available for use in a mental task is called:
i. working memory
ii. short-term memory
iii. long-term memory
iv. speed of processing
18) Preschoolers are inherently bad at lying because they:
i. are afraid of getting in trouble.
ii. want to be nice all the time.
iii. lack theory of mind.
iv. have incredible empathy.
19) Andy associates the color blue with whales, police cars, the sky, and the ocean. When he thinks of the color blue, all these topics come to mind, further leading him to think about other things such as fish, fire trucks, clouds, or even boats. This interconnected manner of mapping out concepts is known as:
i. metalinguistic awareness
ii. fluid intelligence
iii. speed of processing
iv. a network model/ fast-mapping
20) According to Piaget, what do preschoolers and adolescents share in common?
i. Similar friendship styles
ii. Egocentrism
iii. Concrete reasoning
iv. Low self-esteem
21) is the support for learning and problem solving that encourages independence and growth through a step by step learning process of apprenticeship.
i. Egocentrism
ii. Conservation
iii. Scaffolding
iv. Centration
22) This term explains the level at which a child can learn material that is not too easy nor too difficult, but challenging enough to foster cognitive growth.
i. scaffolding
ii. zone of proximal development
iii. transformation
iv. centration
23) According to Lev Vygotsky, which of the following may be a cultural tool of intellectual development?
i. The particular alphabet of a language
ii. The metric system
iii. The Chinese Base-10 numerical system
iv. All of the above
24) Children with autism reliably fail to answer the False Belief Task correctly. This is because they tend to lack what skill?
i. Joint attention
ii. Eye-contact
iii. Theory of mind
iv. Object permanence
25) Children in early education programs, on average, tend to:
i. be less polite, compliant, respectful of adults, and sometimes more competitive and aggressive
ii. show memory and comprehension advantages
iii. be more self-confident, independent, and knowledgeable
iv. All of the above
26) Which of the following is a predictor oflong-term academic success is:
i. emotional intelligence
ii. SES
iii. reading comprehension
iv. All of the above
27) When a preschooler says, "Mommy, my feets hurt," this is an example of:
i. metalinguistic awareness
ii. phonological memory
iii. intellectual impairment
iv. overregularization
28) The loss of fluency in a child's heritage language due to the acquisition of asecond language is called:
i. Passive bilingualism
ii. Subtractive bilingualism
iii. Sequential bilingualism
iv. Simultaneous bilingualism
29) The ability to control our own thoughts, behaviors, and emotions and change them to meet the demands of the situation is known as:
i. comorbidity
ii. self-regulation
iii. convention
iv. neuroplasticity
30) During the preschool years, the notion that boys prefer to play with other boys, and girls with other girls, is called:
i. gender stability
ii. gender permanence
iii. gender segregation
iv. sexual orientation
31) Mr. Rodriguez wanted to test if his preschool students had _____ , so he wore a pink dress and a wig to class to determine if the students could accurately depict his gender.
i. gender identity
ii. gender permanence/constancy
iii. gender segregation
iv. self-awareness
32) Being able to appropriately identify oneself as a "boy" or a "girl" is called:
i. gender identity
ii. gender permanence/constancy
iii. gender segregation
iv. self-awareness
33) During this psychosocial stage of preschool development, children are capable of acting independently of their parents and, as a result,take it upon themselves to perform their own tasks; otherwise, they feel badly of unintended consequences resulting in their not wanting to perform the action.
i. Trust vs. Mistrust
ii. Initiative vs. Guilt
iii. Industry vs. Inferiority
iv. Identity vs. Identity-Confusion
34) During Kohlberg's level of moral reasoning, children follow unvarying rules based on rewards and punishments.
i. preconventional
ii. conventional
iii. postconventional
iv. psychosocial
35) parents are firm in their rules, yet loving and emotionally supportive; while parents are overly controlling and strict, valuing obedience above other things.
i. Authoritarian; authoritative
ii. Authoritative; authoritarian
iii. Permissive; uninvolved
iv. Uninvolved; permissive
36) Which parenting style is most often associated with the highest levels of criminal activity in the adolescent and early adulthood years?
i. Authoritative parenting
ii. Permissive-indulgent parenting
iii. Permissive-neglectful/uninvolved parenting
iv. Authoritarian parenting
37) Children of authoritarian parents often show attachment relationships with their primary caregivers and, as a result, try to move out of their houses as quickly as possible.
i. secure
ii. anxious-ambivalent
iii. avoidant
iv. disorganized
38) Justin and Laura's daughter has a curfew of 8 P.M. She gets home an hour late one evening, and they forgive her when she says that she lost track of time while studying. But they remind her that they trust her to be mature and follow their guidelines. They have a(n) _ ____ style of parenting.
i. authoritarian
ii. permissive-neglectful/uninvolved
iii. permissive-indulgent
iv. authoritative
39) Neglectful/uninvolved parents and sometimes even authoritarian parents tend to produce which type of attachment formations with their children?
i. Secure
ii. Anxious/ambivalent
iii. Avoidant
iv. Disorganized
40) Which childhood activity is beneficial for developing cognitive skills, practicing motor skills, facilitating problem solving, and teaching cooperation?
i. Imitation
ii. Onlooker play
iii. Constructive play
iv. Homework
41) In early childhood, the type of play that involves pretending, acting, and taking on the role of a specific character is referred to as:
i. parallel play
ii. constructive play
iii. sociodramatic play
iv. onlooker play
42) In play, children engage with one another, take turns, play games, and devise contests.
i. onlooker play
ii. parallel play
iii. constructive play
iv. cooperative play
43) Males tend to engage in more play, whereas females tend to engage in more play.
i. pretend; aggressive
ii. rough and tumble; organized games and pretend
iii. role; parallel
iv. organized games and pretend; rough and tumble
44) The realization that miscommunication may due to factors attributable not only to yourself, but to the person communicating with you is one aspect of:
i. prosocial behavior
ii. emotional self-regulation
iii. ADHD
iv. metalinguistic awareness
45) Johnny has a tendency to jump into a task before hearing all the instructions, along with persistent difficulty following instructions and organizing work. He has difficulty waiting or remaining seated, and usually fidgets and squirms around in his chair at school. It is very probable that Johnny may be exhibiting signs of:
i. depression
ii. ADHD - inattentive type
iii. ADHD - hyperactive type
iv. intellectual impairment
46) Which of the following could be a potential cause of the rise in ADHD among American children?
i. Over-diagnosis and misdiagnosis
ii. Poor nutrition during prenatal and infant development
iii. Stronger demands for sedentary life styles (e.g., sitting still) at younger ages
iv. All of the above
472) At the age of two months, Sabrina's parents noticed that she was not making proper eye contact or tracking objects. Sabrina did not start talking until the age of four years and showed severe impairments in social and emotional functioning. She had an obsession with her routine, sensitivity to sound, and often showed repetitive behaviors like opening and closing doors. It is possible that Sabrina may have:
i. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
ii. Autism spectrum disorder
iii. Depression
iv. Down's syndrome
48) In order to help Sabrina, her parents may consider placing her in:
i. speech therapy
ii. occupational therapy
iii. physical therapy
iv. All of the above
49) Children with autism tend to engage most in which type of play?
i. parallel play
ii. constructive play
iii. sociodramatic play
iv. onlooker play
50) During early childhood, children's is typically very high, but begins to diminish slowly into middle childhood and adolescence when children begin to compare themselves heavily with their peers and experience failure.
i. self-esteem
ii. literacy
iii. self-awareness
iv. intelligence.