The Council on Drug Abuse describes that approximately 40% of college students have employed at least one illegal drug. But, a sociology professor at ABC University wants to show that the percentage of students at ABC University who have employed at least one illegal drug is less than 40%. In random sample of 100 students, 47 state that they have employed at least one illegal drug. A hypothesis test is performed in order to find out if the data supports the claim of sociology professor. The alternate hypothesis would be
a. HA: p = 0.47
b. HA: p < 0.40
c. HA: p ? 0.40
d. HA: ? > 0.40
e. HA: p < 0.47