Question 1
Calculate how many WDM channels can be amplified by EDFA which amplifies signals in the wavelength range between 1.530 μm and 1.570 μm if the channel spacing is 100 GHz.
Question 2
Write a brief essay (typical length of 1-2 A4 pages) about:
(a) Main functions in network management and explain their purpose;
(b) Network protection, network survivability, and network restoration. Describe 1+1 and 1:N schemes of optical network protection, their advantages and disadvantages.
Question 3
(a) Briefly outline the major requirements to semiconductor laser transmitters for optical fibre communications. Discuss the comparative advantages and drawbacks of using semiconductor injection lasers versus LEDs as optical transmitters. Name the main types of semiconductor lasers used in optical fibre systems.
(b) Describe with the aid of suitable diagrams the mechanisms of the emission of light from an injection semiconductor laser. Explain the mechanism of optical feedback to provide light amplification within the laser. Explain the main difference between an injection laser and an LED and sketch the L-I characteristics of these two devices.
Question 4
(a) Explain the physical principles of telecommunication semiconductor detector. Give the definitions of the two main parameters of this device and write the corresponding formulas for these parameters.
(b) With the aid of a suitable diagram describe briefly a p-i-n photodiode and an avalanche photodiode (APD). What are the advantages and drawbacks of each of these devices in telecommunication systems?
(c) Given that the GaAs bandgap energy is 1.42 eV, calculate the cut-off wavelength of the GaAs photodiode and explain its significance.
Question 5
(a) What is a fractional bandwidth and what is it used for? Evaluate the range of carrier frequencies which are necessary for DSBTC modulation by a tone modulation signal x(t) = 20sin(8Π104t), where t is in seconds. Calculate maximum value of modulation index μ in order to prevent phase reversal in the DSBTC tone modulation.