Let's now apply our skills at analyzing frequency data to an important medical experiment. Joseph Lister, a British physician of the late 19th century, decided that something had to be done about the high death rate from postoperative complications, which were mostly due to infection. Based on the work of Pasteur, he thought that the infections had an organic cause, and he decided to experiment with carbolic acid as a disinfectant for the operating room. Lister performed 7 5 amputations over a period of years.
Forty of the amputations were done with carbolic acid, and 35 were done without carbolic acid. For those done with carbolic acid, 34 of the patients lived; for those done without carbolic acid, 19 of the patients lived. Arrange these data on an appropriate table, and discuss the association between mortality rate and the use of carbolic acid.