1. You are to define the 10 terms below in your own word.
2. What Would You Do? Case Assignment
Assignment 1
Motivation
the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal needs
the physical or psychological requirements that must be met to ensure survival and well being extrinsic reward
a reward that is tangible, visible to others, and given to employees contingent on the performance of specific tasks and behaviors
intrinsic reward
a natural reward associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake equity theory
a theory that states that people will be motivated when they perceive that they are being treated fairly inputs
in equity theory, the contributions employees make to the organzation outcomes
in equity theory, the rewards employees receive for their contribution referents
in equity theory, others with whom people compare themselves determine if they have been treated fairly outcome/input ratio
in equity theory, an employee sperceteion of how the rewards received from an organization compare with the employees contributons to that organization underreward
a form of inequity in which you are getting more outcomes relative to inputs than your referent
Writing verbatim and/or plagiarism will result in a zero (0) grade.
Below are six (6) effective steps along with examples to assist you with understanding how to paraphrase.
6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing
- Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning.
- Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card.
- Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase.
- Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form.
- Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source.
- Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper.
ASSIGNMENT 2
What Would You Do? Case Assignment
SAS
Cary. North Carolina
SAS (pronounced "sass"), which is short for Statistical Analysis System, began when it set out to create statistical software to help agricultural researchers who were studying the effects of soil, seeds, and the weather on crop yields. In 1970, researchers had to write new computer programs every time they analyzed data. SAS standardized that process and made it faster. Because the statistics faculty who wrote SAS needed to generate funds to cover the expiring grant money that paid their salaries, they started leasing SAS to universities and pharmaceutical companies. By 1976, they had 100 customers. However, it wasn't until the first SAS Users Conference later that year, when 300 people showed up, that they realized their business opportunity. As you tell people now, that was pretty much the ‘aha" moment."
From website traffic, to credit cards replacing cash, to genome sequencing, to sentiment analysis (analyzing every tweet, blog, and discussion group comment about your company and its products), the amount of digital data that a company has to go through is increasing at exponential rates. As a result, 79 percent of Fortune 500 companies use SAS. Shell Oil uses it to analyze data to predict how long the pumps will run on its North Sea oil-drilling platforms. Kohl's department store maximizes profits by using SAS to analyze which products to mark down for sale. Credit card companies use SAS to reduce fraud by identifying unusual credit card purchases in real time. Finally, telecomm companies offer great deals to customers who, via SAS, they've determined are more likely to switch to competitors.
Although SAS has been profitable every year since inception, there are threats to its highly successful business model. First, says Gareth Doherty, an industry analyst, "Most organizations aren't in a position to be able to leverage some of the sophisticated applications that SAS offers because the No. 1 constraint when one is working with a tool this sophisticated is the user. If one doesn't have a rocket scientist sitting behind the desk, it doesn't matter what one has running on the desktop." Second, SAS products are expensive, starting at $1 million for industry specific products (i.e., banking or retail), followed by subscription renewals that are 20 percent to 30 percent of the purchase price. Although SAS spends 22 percent of its revenue on research and development each year, larger firms are buying business intelligence companies to compete directly with SAS. SAP paid $6.8 billion for Business Objects, and Oracle paid $3.3 billion for Hyperion. The largest threat may come, however, from IBM, which paid $4.9 billion for Cognos and $1.2 billion for SPSS. IBM combined those firms into its business analytics group, which will employ 200 scientists and 4,000 consultants and analysts. Industry analyst Bill Hostmann says, "It will be a dogfight. SAS has never faced a competitor like IBM. And I do think IBM sees SAS as a big, fatted cow."
With competition intensifying, SAS is shortening its product development cycle from 24 to 36 months to 12 to 18 months. Change like that can't be achieved without attracting and retaining a highly motivated workforce. That's increasingly difficult with tech job openings up 62 percent and a 22 percent average turnover rate in the software industry. That's why Google gave all of its employees a 10 percent raise and a $1,000 bonus. So, the first step in maintaining one's competitiveness is figuring out what motivates people to join a SAS. Second, getting people to join SAS is one thing, but how does one get them to work hard and maximize their efforts? Should one be egalitarian and pay everyone the same, or should they closely link pay and performance? Finally, how does one get his or her most talented managers and software engineers to stay? Does SAS need to "go public" like its competitors and issue stock and stock options to its employees? Or are there other ways for SAS to reward people and remain competitive in the talent market?
If you were in charge at SAS, what would you do?