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q show upper layers of tcp-ip modelthe session layer - the session layer allows two parties to hold ongoing communications called a session across a
q tcp-ip and osi differences - tcpip combines the presentation and application layers- tcpip combines the osi data link and physical layers into 1
q show the tcpip and osi similaritiestcpip and osi similarities - both have layers- both have application layers- have comparable transport and
q summary of osi model- there was no standard for networks in the early period and as a result it was difficult for networks to communicate with each
q explain physical layer of osi reference model- the physical layer deals among the physical characteristics of the transmission medium- it defines
q what is data link of osi model- the data link layer offers access to the networking media and physical transmission across the media and this
q what is network layer of osi model- describe end-to-end delivery of packets- defines logical addressing thus that any endpoint can be identified-
q define transport layer of osi model- the transport layer regulates information flow to makes sure end-to-end connectivity between host applications
q explain session layer in osi model- the session layer defines how to control start and end conversations called sessions between applications- this
q presentation layer of osi reference model- the presentation layer makes sure that the information that the application layer of one system sends
q show the application layer of osi reference model- the application layer is osi layer that is closest to the user- it offers network services to
q define layered network model- the osi reference model is collection of seven layers every specifying particular network functions- the process of
- the model was developed by the iso international organisation for standardisation in 1984 it is currently considered the primary architectural
- the iso international organisation for standardisation is an international standards organisation responsible for a wide range of standards
need for standards- over the past couple of decades several of the networks that were built used different hardware and software implementations
q protocols and standards - cable network architecture- essential in creating as well as maintaining an open and competitive market for equipment
q define metropolitan area networkmetropolitan area network man cable network architecture overview protocols and standards - set of regulations that
distance covered based on size ownership and physical architecture- lan local area network - suitable for smaller geographical area- man metropolitan
q define ring topology dedicated point-to-point arrangement to neighbours signal is conceded from device to device until it reaches
q what is bus topology multipoint configuration one cable acts like a backbone to link all devices advantages effortlessness of installation
star topology devoted point-to-point links to central controller hub controller acts like exchange advantages - less expensive-
q explain about mesh topology- dedicated point-to-point links to each other device- n n-12 links an every device will have n-1 io ports- advantages -
q what is topology- physicallogical arrangement- topology of a network is the geometric depiction of the relationship of all the links and linking
network criteria - performance - it is able to be measured by transit time and response time affected by type of medium number of users and connected
q applications of networksend systems hosts - run application programs- example email web- at -edge of networkclientserver model - client host