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normal 0 false false false en-in x-none x-none microsoftinternetexplorer4 what is overlapping signalsoverlapping
what is a jam signal a jam signal is broadcasts to network by the transmitting stations that detected the collision to ensure that all stations know
csmacd - a simple definition a network station wishing to broadcast will first check the cable plant to make sure that no other station is
ieee 8023-ethernet introduction lan local area network - network connecting devices in a limited geographic area usually privately owned and limited
types of redundancy checks parity check simple parity check two dimensional parity check longitudinal redundancy check lrc crc cyclic redundancy
q error detection-redundancy in its place of repeating the entire data stream a shorter group of bits may be appended to the end of each unit called
q error detection-general sender transmits every data unit twice receiver performs bit-by-bit comparison between those two versions of data any
q what is an errorat any time bits flow from one point to another they are subject to unpredictable changes because of interferencethe interference
q explain about error detectiondata can be corrupted during transmission because of accidents storms sudden increase in electricity and voltage
q explain about flow control- signifies to ask the transmitter to stopresume sending in data- required when dte to dce speed gt dce to dce speed -
q show the function of signals- td transmitted data- rd received data- dsr data set ready indicate whether dce is powered on - dtr signifies data
q mechanical characteristics of rs232 interface- 9-pin connector- 9-pin connector is more usually found in ibm-pc but it covers signals for
q define rs232 interface- indicates the interface between dte and dce v28 mechanical as well as electrical characteristics v24 functional as well as
q show v32 standard- itu-ts v32 standard was issued in 1991 for asynchronous and full-duplex operation at 144 kbps v32bis- is an extension of the v32
q define v - 32 modem- itu-ts v32 standard was issued in 1989 for asynchronous and full-duplex operation at 9600 bps- even though designed for
q what is bipolar encoding- uses three voltage levels negative positive and zero- zero level represents binary 0 1s are represented with alternating
q illustrate return to zero encoding- in nrz-i long strings of 0s may still be a problem- may comprise synchronization as part of the signal for both
q show nonreturn to zero encoding- value of signal is for all time positive or negative- nrz-l signal level depends on bit represented positive
q what is cross over cable- cross the critical pair to properly transmit align and receive signals on devices with like connections- pin 1 connected
q straight through lan cable straight through cable - maintain the pin connection each the way through the cable- the wire connected to pin 1 is the
q show ethernet media standard- the cables and connector specifications utilized to support ethernet implementations are derived from the eiatia
q show infrared applications- wide bandwidth accessible for data transmission- communication between mice pcs keyboards and printersmedia selection -
q use of infrared- frequencies among 300 ghz and 400 thz- short-range communication- high frequencies cant penetrate walls- necessitate line-of-sight
q microwave applications- unicasting - one-to-one communication among sender and receiver- cellular phones- satellite networks- wireless
q show the properties of microwavesmicrowaves - frequencies among 1 and 300 ghz- unidirectional- narrow focus requires sending as well as receiving