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q what is retransmission timerretransmission timer if an ack is received previous to the timer goes off - destroy the timer if the timer goes off
error control in tcp-duplicate amp out-of-order segment- duplicate segment- the destination tcp merely discards the segmentout-of-order segment- not
q show the error control in tcperror control in tcp detect lost segments out-of-order segments corrupted segments and duplicated segmentsthree tools
q explain silly window syndromewhen either sending application sends data gradually or receiving application consumes data slowly- illustration when
q example on tcp numberingenvision a tcp connection is transferring a file of 6000 bytesthe first byte is numbered 10010what are the sequence numbers
q tcp ndash numbering bytes numbering is utilized for flow amp error control segments arent numbered only bytes full-duplex connection - numbering
q what are the tcp servicestcp - services full duplex service connection oriented service reliable
q define the distance vector routingdistance vector routing every router periodically shares its knowledge about the entire internet with its
q what are the routing techniquesrouting routing techniques static versus dynamic routing routing table for classful addressing routing table for
q illustrate nonboundary-level masking with examplenonboundary-level masking example ip address 45 123 21 8 mask 255 192 0 0 subnet 45 64 0 0 123
q explain about nonboundary-level maskingnonboundary-level masking bytes in the ip address that correspond to 255 in the mask will be repeated in
q what is boundary level masking if mask numbers are either 255 or 0 bytes in the ip address that correspond to 255 in the mask will be repeated in
q what is subnetting subnetting ip addressing is hierarchical first reach a device through its network id netid then reach the host itself using
q show the class d and class e addressesclass d and class e addresses class d - reserved for multicast addresses multicasting - transmission method
q describe the class c addresses the initial three octets are the network number as well as the last octet is the host number 2096896 blocks used
define the class b addresses first two octets are the network number as well as the last two octets are the host number 16382 probable blocks for
q show the class a addressesclass a addresses numerically the lowest use merely one byte to identify the class type and netid three bytes are
q define unicast - multicast and reserved addressesunicast multicast and reserved addresses unicast address - identifies a specific device
q what do you mean by addressingaddressing require to uniquely and universally identify every device to allow global communication internet address
q explain about virtual circuit switchingvirtual circuit switching - all packets belong to a message or session is preserved- single route is
q describe about packet switchingpacket switching - data are transmitted in separate units- called packet- packets are variable length blocks- the
q show the need for network layerneed for network layer - to solve the problem of delivery of data through several links- accountable for host to
q difficulties in internetwork communication- data arrive at interface f1 of s1- how does s1 know that they must be sent out from interface f3- there
q show the communication between switchescommunication between switches - must know which station belongs to which vlan as well as membership of
q show vlan membership and configurationvlan membership - may be classified by- switch port numbers- mac addresses- ip addresses- ip multicast