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variations -defined as dissimilarities of features among members of the same speciesoffsprings of same parent are different and also differ from
hardy - weinberg law -proposed by gh hardy and w weinberg in 1908 independentlythe law states the frequency of genes or alleles in a population
population genetics and evolution-population is the number of all individual of same species in a defined area at a particular time as per modem
neo darwinism or synthetic theory of evolution -it is the synthesis of the ideas of neo darwinians as a new theory of evolution based upon recent
evidence in favour of the mutation thoery -mutation theory can explain both progressive and retrogressive evolution and the occurrence of both
criticism of darwinism -arrival of the fittest darwinism explains the survival of the fittest but was unable to account for the arrival of the
examples of natural selection -1 industrial melanism -first studied by fischer amp ford 1845 on pepperd moth biston betularia
theory of pangenesis -to make up the weakness of inheritance darwin in this theory assumed the existence of pangenes gem mules as small units
principles of darwinism -1 overproduction prodigality -all organisms have enormous fertility and they multiply in geometric
theory of natural selection or darwinismtheory of charies darwin 1809 - 1882 about evolution marks the beginning of an era in understanding of
difference between lamarckism and neo-lamarckism -snolamarckismneo-lamarckism1it refers of the originalit refers to the modified version of lamarcks
neo-lamarckismmodem modified form of lamarck theory is regarded as neo-lamarckismmc dougall 1938 found that time taken for training the mice was
theory of germplasm -august weismann 1834-1914 criticized the inheritance of acquired characters by putting forward the theory of continuity of
taxonomic evidences -taxonomy is the classification of organism the gradual development in the complexity of organisms with specialized characters
physiology and biochemistry -ample and concrete evidence of organic evolution are obtained from the functional activity and chemical composition of
living fossils -1limulus king living fossils -1limulus king
determination of the age of fossil -radioactive clock boltwood-1907 - half life of uranium is 45 billion yearsthis means half of total uranium
mass extinction -since beginning many species evolved and got extinct in fact only 1 is livingsometimes it occured suddenly at large scale most
palynofossils microfossils -fossils of planktons diatoms unicellular algae diatoms and shelled protozoans heliozoans radiolarian and foraminifera
types of fossils -snofossilexamplemode of formation1unalteredpreservationwooly mammoths 25000 yearsold ice in siberia mummies insectwhole bodies
fossilisation -the organisms are preserved and fossilized when they are buried in the ice in an oil rich soil in the lava of volcano in swamps in
evidences of evolution -the evidences of organic evolution derived from many lines of study indicate that present day forms have arisen by gradual
death -it is universalit is last event in the degenerative process of ageingit involves widspread cell break down amp cell deaththere is no heart
entropy -transfer of energy takes place from high energy level to low energy levelrudolf clausius gave this termduring it there is collision of
energy transformation -during photosynthesis radiant energy is converted into chemical energy by green plantsin biluminiscent organisms eg glow worm