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hemerythrins - respiratory pigmentsthe hemerythrins are rather rare they take place in some animals belonging to the minor phyla like the sipunculid
haemocyanin - respiratory pigmentsthis pigment is found in several arthropods and molluscs haemocyanins do not consist of haee groups the metal they
hemoglobins - process of respiration hemoglobins are the very well known of all respiratory pigments the basic molecular unit of hemoglobin contains
process of respiration respiratory and circulator system gaseous exchange that is intake of oxygen and output of carbon dioxide takes place at the
gaseous exchangegaseous exchange is take place on by both mantle and the gills the gills of most bivalves are highly changed for filter feeding they
gills - respiratory organsgills are the specialised respiratory organs of several aquatic animals they are found in mollusis and as well in many
tracheae - respiratory organstracheal respiration is characteristic of insects onychophorans diplopods arachnids and chilopods as well use tracheal
lungs - respiratory organsin arachnid arthropods such as scorpion and spider respiration takes place by means of book lungs there are four pairs of
respiratory organs these are the organs regarded with the gaseous exchange ie intake of oxygen and output of carbon dioxide they have generally
phases of respiration in animalsthe procedures of respiration in these animals have the following phasesi external respiration is usually described
characteristic feature of respirationfrom our opinion we may say that the characteristic feature of respiration is the intake of oxygen and the
respiratory system in living organismsrespiration is a necessary physiological process in all living organisms by which they obtain energy for
osmoregulation in freshwater metazoans freshwater and brackish water animals that are live in hypoosmoticof lower osmotic pressure environment and
osmoregulation in marine non-chordate metazoans studies on the osmotic pressure of body fluids of marine organisms have displayed that their internal
water relations in terrestrial environmentinsects are the largest group of metazoans which have most successfully invaded the terrestrial environment
osmoregulation in non-chordate metazoanspreviously you have studied that in protozoans particularly fresh water protozoans contractile vacuoles play
coelomoducts in polyplacophorain polyplacophora the coelomoducts divide in the region of coelomostome and the gonadal cavities become closed off from
coelomoducts of molluscs in molluscs like in crustacea nephridia are absent but certain of the larval pulmonates do possess protonephridia suggesting
malpighian tubules other arthropods like insects and myriapods and arachnids have malpighian tubules the outgrowths of alimentary canal like
coxal glandsthere is a pair of coxal glands in almost all the segments in onychophora peripatus developmentally in every segment a hollow follicle or
protonephridia and metanephridia nephridia take place in two major forms - the protonephridium and metanephridium protonephridia are found in flat
excretion in non-chordatesexcretion as described under introduction of this unit refers to removal of the waste products of metabolism - carbon
crustacea - feeding and digestion in arthropodsbranchiopods anacostraca give a good instance for filter feeding mechanism the appendages are of
cephalopods - feeding and digestion in molluscscephalopods are carnivorous tentacles or arms are food capturing organs the number of tentacles
gastropods - feeding and digestion in molluscsin several gastropods the digestion is extracellular though some herbivore gastropods like crepidula