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artificial parthenogenesis in various cases the eggs that normally develop only after fertilisation can be experimentally induced to develop
copulation and fertilisation in hermaphrodites copulation between hermaphrodites is common flatworms possess a cirrus and penis that is inserted into
kinds of hermaphroditism depending upon the timing of maturity of the gonads hermaphroditism can be of two types1 simultaneous hermaphroditism both
hermaphroditismyou would have completely appreciated now that sexual reproduction is definitely the more advanced type of reproduction it gives for
ovipary vivipary and ovovivipary in each case of external and in some cases of internal fertilisation development of the fertilized egg zygote occurs
spermatophoresmany non-chordates do not release free sperms during copulation they have a mechanism to bundle and enclose a number of sperms in a
mating and fertilisationin all animals sperms are motile and have to move and seek the eggs to fertilise them for this an aqueous environment is
reproductive organsin several metazoans gonads are well-defined testes and ovaries take up dissimilar shapes and anatomical dispositions in cases of
conjugation - patterns of sexual reproductionconjugation is a temporary union among two individuals of the same species during which the original
syngamy - patterns of sexual reproductionsperm fuses with the egg this results in both the union of the paternal nucleus with the maternal one
characteristics of gametesfollowing are some general characteristics of gametes1 the female gametes are usually laden with food material the yolk
sexual reproduction all metazoans if or if not capable of propagating asexually produce special cells termed as gametes the gametes may be either
asexual reproduction - its prevalence and significance having studied the several aspects of asexual reproduction in the non-chordates we can now
polarity in regeneration a distinct polarity or gradient exists in planarians and in other animals the meaning of this is that in any piece or
autotomy and regeneration shedding of body parts in self-defense to avert the attention of the predator-enemy or in any other emergency is a type of
fragmentation and regeneration both the situations mentioned above that is whether occurring naturally or accidentally can in general be categorized
regeneration leading to asexual reproduction regeneration is described as the replacement of the lost parts of the body of an organism this capacity
formation of gemmules throughout the formation of gemmules masses of food - laden amoebocytes called archaeocytes feed on other cells and lay down in
strobilation - types of asexual reproductionstrobilation is a type of asexual reproduction in which successive segments are separated off from the
budding - types of asexual reproductionin reproduction through budding small groups of cells form buds in some part or parts of the parent animal the
fragmentation - types of asexual reproductionfragmentation is a phenomenon where parent animal spontaneously on its own accord splits into two or
multiple fission - types of asexual reproductionmultiple fission is a variation of fission where the parent divides mitotically into a number of
binary fission - types of asexual reproductionbinary fission is a procedure in which an organism divides mitotically into two equal individuals which
asexual reproduction in animalsreproduction may be referred as production of true copies most of the animals that are quite familiar to us generate
hormones controlling other functions crustaceans exhibit pronounced capacity for physiological color changes it is known that the color changing