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Distinguish between a newborn and an infant. Analyze why a newborn's first breath must be particularly forceful and why newborns tend to develop water and electrolyte imbalances.
Describe the process of meiosis and compare the characteristics of phase I and phase II. Describe the effect of sodium reabsorption on the reabsorption of negatively charged ions. Analyze how sodium
Question 1: What is a chemolithotroph? How does a lithotroph get energy? Question 2: Explain how the electron transport chain of the lithotrophs works: describe specifically how it is used to extrac
Question 1: In which biochemical pathway does cytochrome c participate?Describe it's role. Question 2: After cloning the yeast Eco R1 fragments into pBS, how many recognition sites exist?
Question 1: The proteins that formTight Junctions andAdherens Junctions share common structural properties. Briefly describe three of these properties. Question 2: Briefly describe the process of ou
Briefly describethe different stages involved in the formation of microtubules from tubulin dimers. List four differences betweenmicrofilaments and intermediate filaments.
Question 1: Describe how appetite is regulated before and after a meal. Question 2: Describe the metabolic processes responsible for taking dietary fatty acids from a chylomicron in the bloodstream
Why is C.elegans a suitable model organism for studying the signalling pathways through which calorie restriction affects mammalian lifespan?
Question 1: Why is the liver described as the ‘hub' of lipoprotein metabolism? Question 2: Name a treatment for lowering cholesterol and explain its mechanism of action.
Give an example where a phosphatase can stop signal propagation through a receptor tyrosine kinaseinitiated intracellular signalling cascade. Provide two examples in which the signal of a GPCR&
Question 1: Name the three components of a membrane lipid. Question 2: Give an example for each of the above for a ganglioside.
Briefly describe three ways in which information from databases of protein amino-acid sequences can be used to infer potential functional interactions, giving the rationale for the inference in each
Discuss the challenges and promise of synthetic genomics: the whole genome engineering of novel biological organisms. Explain why modern beta-blockers work better than their first generation pred
Discuss the importance of structural plasticity and conformational changes in proteinprotein recognition. Illustrate with examples.
Describe how the formation of proteinprotein complexes can be controlled by (i) covalent modification, and (ii) the binding of small molecule ligands, including those designed for therapeutic i
Question 1: Explain what is meant by the term hydrophobic interactions. Question 2: Comment briefly on the contribution of i) hydrophobic interactions ii) hydrogen bonds to the affinity and spec
Give one piece of evidence that SpoIIQ and SpoIIIAH form a complex in vivo and one piece of evidence that they form a complex in vitro.
In muscle cells, a decrease in the amount of cytoplasmic calcium is associated with which of the following? A) Action potentials B) Muscle contraction mC) Muscle relaxation D) Rigor mortis
Describe a metabolic process demonstrated using the Enterotube or IMViC tests.
Which one of the following statements regarding the origin of metazoans has the most support? The choanoflagellates may share common ancestry with the Porifera. Metazoans are derived from many separ
Which of the following does not contain phospholipids in cell compartment? Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, ribosomes, and lysosome.
Question 1: Before mid-blastual transition (MBT) , what events causes an embryonic cell to enter M phase and S phase? Question 2: What genetic processes do these events need in order to occur?
How does the hydrolysis of ATP(to ADP+P) after the proteins in a muscle cell to allow for contraction? A) Hydrolysis results in activation of myosin to the extended position B) Hydrolysis results in a
Partitioning in a sheet of cells is achieved by a)hemidesmosomes b)adherens junctions c)tight junctions d)desmosomes e)plasmodesmata
240.0mL buffer solution is 0.280M in acetic acid and 0.280M in sodium acetate. Question 1: What is the initial pH of this solution? Question 2: What is the pH after addition of 0.0050mol of HCl?