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longitudinal data the data arising when each of the number of subjects or patients give rise to the vector of measurements representing same variable
log-linear models is the models for count data in which the logarithm of expected value of a count variable is modelled as the linear function of
literature controls the patients with the disease of interest who have received in the past one of two treatments under the investigation and for
linked micro map plot is a plot which provides the graphical overview and the details for spatially indexed statistical summaries the plot shows
line-intersect sampling is a technique of unequal probability sampling for selecting the sampling units in the geographical area a sample of lines
likert scales is often used in the studies of attitudes in which the raw scores are based on the graded alternative responses to each of a series
length-biased sampling the bias which arises in the sampling scheme based on the visits of patient when some individuals are more likely to be chosen
length-biased data is a data which arise when the probability that an item is sampled is proportional to its own length a main example of this
least significant difference test is an approach to comparing a set of means which controls the family wise error rate at some specific level lets
leaps-and-bounds algorithm is an algorithm which is used to nd the optimal solution in problems which might have a large number of possible
law of likelihood within framework of the statistical model a particular set of data supports one statistical hypothesis or assumption better than
lattice distribution a class of probability distributions to which most of the distributions for discrete random variables used in statistics belongs
latent class analysis is a technique of assessing whether the set of observations including q categorical variables in specific binary variables
last observation carried forward is a technique for replacing the observations of the patients who drop out of the clinical trial carried out over
lancaster models the means of representing the joint distribution of the set of variables in terms of the marginal distributions supposing all the
lagging indicators the part of a collection of the economic time series designed to give information about the broad swings in measures of the
labour force survey this survey carried out in the uk on the quarterly basis since the spring of year 1992it covers 60 000 households and gives
labbe acute plot is often used in the meta-analysis of the clinical trials where the result is the binary response of it the event risk number of
kolmogorov smirnov two-sample method is a distribution free technique which tests for any difference between the two populations probability
knoxs tests these tests designed to detect any tendency for the patients with a particular disease to form the disease cluster in time and space the
k-means cluster analysis is the method of cluster analysis in which from an initial partition of observations into k clusters each observation in
kappa coefficient the chance corrected index of the agreement between for instance judgements and diagnoses made by the two raters calculated as the
kaisers rule is the rule frequently used in the principal components analysis for selecting the suitable the number of components when the
kalman filter a recursive procedure which gives an estimate of the signal when only the noisy signal can be observed the estimate is efficiently
jonckheere terpstra test is the test for detecting particular types of departures from the independence in a contingency table in which both the