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preparation of icucardiac surgical icu is generally connected to the operation theatre so that the patient can be wheeled into the icu after
post-operative care of patients the first few days following cardiac operations are the most critical in terms of the patients survival the safety
preparation on the morning of surgerymorning care hygiene bowel and bladder emptying oral hygiene remove dentures if any no
preparation on the previous day of operationremove all the jewellery nail polish cut nails the patients body is cleaned - shaving from
pre-operative teachingbrief explanation-anatomy physiology of the cardio-respiratory system the disease and the operation which is going to
early pre-operative care 1 admission of patient-usual admission procedure to be completed2 assessment of the patient3 history4 physical
pre-operative nursing management of cardiac surgical patientscardiac surgical patients generally get investigated thoroughly before getting referred
the pumpsthe blood from the operating field is sucked with the help of the cardiotomy sucker and pump which is filtered to remove all
hypothermia as the blood passes through the oxygenator hypothermia machine allows the blood to cool to the required temperature generally the
heparinisationblood when allowed to flow out from body to the circuit tubings can get clotted to prevent this heparinisation is done patient
hemoconcentrationbefore during and after cpb hemoconcentration allows the patients blood to be salvaged during surgery to help reduce the need
principles of cardiopulmonary bypass mechanism cpbwhat is cpb it is a technique by which the mechanical function of the heart and respiratory
advantagesdurability of these vales are long lasting disadvantagesneed for anticoagulant therapy is life long risk of thrombo-embolism is
mechanical valvesthey are made of a combination of metal alloys pyrolite carbon and dacrontypes of mechanical valvescaged-ball valve star-edwards
advantages of tissue valves need for anticoagulation therapy is only for a short duration in xenograft and only there is rare need for
valve replacementreplacement of the diseased valve is done this is done biologic tissue valves or mechanical valves three types of biologic tissue
open heart surgerythese surgeries are done under alternative arrangements to continue oxygenated systemic blood supply while the heart is operated
closed heart surgeryblind operations and access is obtained into the heart through incision on the ventricular or atrial wallcommonest closed
pathophysiology large haemorrhages and fibrinous lesions vegetate along the inflaked edges of valves the lesions develop on adjacent valve
valvular heart diseasesnormal heart valves function to maintain a uni-directional flow of blood through cardiac chambers two basic problems that
preventive measureprimary preventionearly detection and treatment of group a b-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis penicillin is the commonly
nursing interventionsprimary goals in acute rheumatic fever are control and eradication of the infecting organism prevent cardiac
assessment1 assess the past and present history of illness sore throat rheumatic fever and treatment received previously 2 family history of
nursing managementthe overall goals are that patient with rh fever will resume daily activities without joint pain reduce the risk of residual
diagnosis history and physical examination johns criteria echocardiogram show valvular insufficiency chest x-ray