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requirements of shopping let us now look at the requirements for shopping the value of the work or goods should be of a lesser value and
conditions for adopting shopping we should adopt shopping when it is an appropriate method for execution of works of small value in a short
shopping in terms of contract management shopping is a term often used in our daily life in terms of contract management this term is adapted
steps for national competitive bidding ncb similar to icb we have two ways involved in ncb one with pre-qualification another without
steps involved for internationalglobal competitive bidding icb now that we are aware of the requirements of icb let us understand
bidding is a process in which you quote money in exchange of goods or services through an auction they are two types of auctions open
contract process cycle contract process goes through the following stages to complete the contract documentation cycle pre tender
project process cycle any project professionally planned will target specified goals within the framework of time with available resources the
unit rate contracts in a unit-rate contract the seller commits to providing each unit of work defined by a buyer for a fixed price per unit of
cost-reimbursable contracts in cost-reimbursable contracts you pay the contractor the costs necessarily incurred in the construction plus a fee
understanding project contracts project contracts invariably involve construction and therefore we will discuss contracts necessarily involving
budgeted cost of work performed bcwp or earned value ev in project management is the budgeted cost of work that has truly been done in carrying out a
budgeta budget is a financial preparation or planning and a record of all planned expenses and revenues it is a plan for borrowing saving and
aggregate planning is an operational method that does an aggregate plan for the production procedure in advance of 2 to 18 months to provide an idea
agile software development is a group of software development procedures based on iterative and incremental development where requirements and
we can conclude that contracting does have many benefits which are mentioned below division of labour synergy of expertise
disadvantages of contracting as we saw some of the factors that drive a contracting decision now let us understand the disadvantages or
factors driving contracting in this section let us try to analyse the factors which drive contracting decisions here the buy mode is referred
define the concept of project risk audit audit can be defined as an evaluation of a person organisation system process enterprise project or
should video game companies continue to alter their products to include other functions such as
contract management there are many things involved in a project risk policy one of them is contract management various kinds of contract can
risk process an organisation faces many risk related issues to mitigate those risks we have risk management techniques these steps assist an
define the concept of program management process as we learnt in the previous section programs process depends mostly on the characteristics of
scheduling once a program plan is approved good scheduling is the heart of the program management process program schedules provide adequate
program planning an effective and disciplined planning of a project is directly related to customer satisfaction since customer expectations