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trade unionstrade unions are formed by interested employees who get enough signatures from co-workers to hold an election trade unions are mainly
certain principles for better selectionthere are therefore certain principles that if observed by both the interviewers and the interviewees could
recruitment processwhen an organization finds that it needs to hire additional staff it starts a recruitment process recruitment is aimed at
steps in the process of personnel managementthe steps or activities in the process of personnel management include1 manpower planning which involves
personnel managementpersonnel management refers to the process of procurement and management of the human resource that is needed to accomplish
external recruitment has certain meritsthe selection of staff can be made from a much greater number of peopleit brings individuals into the
recruiting and selecting employeesin recruiting and selecting employees an organization may decide to recruit either from outside or promote staff
manpower planningthe first step in manpower planning is job analysis which is concerned with determining the requirements of jobs in terms of tasks
purpose of organizationorganizations are started for a purposes and to accomplish these purposes organizations employ both human and non human
organization designorganization design refers to the overall configuration of positions and interrelationships among positions within the
of management of management refers to the number of subordinates who directly report to one superior if a manager has too many subordinates
managerial function of organizingorganizing is the process of grouping activities and resources in a logical and appropriate manner because of the
advantages of rulesin addition to the general societal advantage of rules referred to above the organization and its employees can derive the
rulesrules are prescriptions for how members of a group ought to or not to behave they are specific and allow no discretion in any group situation
disadvantages of procedures1 procedures tend to inhibit rational and logical thinking the assumptions in the basis of which a procedure was designed
advantages of procedures1 procedures enhance efficiency the sequence of steps for any operation have been laid out in advance and one only needs to
problems associated with policies1 policies are liable to different interpretations since they allow discretion and are usually broad if made
policiesare general statements to guide subordinate thinking in the decision making processpolicies define the area within which a subordinate may
contingency planningcontingency planning is the part of the planning process that identifies alternative courses of action that an organization might
plana plan is a blueprint or framework used to describe how an organization expects to achieve its goals planning is the process of developing plans
mbo processmbo is the process of collaborative goal setting between the manager and his or her subordinates it assumes that goals are consistent or
goala goal is a statement of where the organization wants to be at a specified time in the future the purpose of goals is to provide direction to the
levels of strategythere are three levels of strategycorporate strategy is the overall grand strategy for the organization as a wholebusiness strategy
components of strategystrategy has four basic componentsscope which refers to the position the firm wants to have in relation to its
roles of managementmanagement roles have been grouped into three major groups1 interpersonal roles which involves the manager collecting and