Myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction:

Myocardial infarction is a coronary artery disease that comprises sudden death of part of the heart muscle due to obstruction in the coronary artery. It might cause harsh unremitting chest pain.

Causes:

The coronary arteries which supply the heart muscle with fresh oxygenated blood become narrowed. This narrowing is generally due to an accumulation of droplets of fatty substances, such as cholesterol. The fibrous cover of the fat deposit sometimes ruptures, triggering the formation of a blood clot. When this blood clot chunks the artery, blood flow to a region of the heart muscle stops, causing myocardial infarction and leads to death of tissue.

Symptoms:

(1) Severe heavy devastating pain might spread up to the neck and in to the arms particularly the left arm.
(2) Sweating
(3) Shortness of breath
(4) Nausea and vomiting
(5) Anxiety at times accompanied by fear of dying.

Around one in five people experience no chest pain in myocardial infarction. Although, there might be fainting, sweating and pale skin. This pattern of symptom is termed as “silent infarction”. This kind of infarction is general in people with diabetes mellitus or those with elevated blood pressure.

Risk factors

1. Customary cigarette smokers have a considerably augmented risk of dying from myocardial infarction.

2. High blood pressure is a main risk factor and the risk rises with higher pressure.

3. The risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease rises dramatically in those who are more than 30% overweight.

4. The increased blood cholesterol level raises the risk. A high fat diet is also a reason.

5. Physical inactivity is also a chief factor.

 

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