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  Influence of Pasteur, Koch, Lister

Influence ofPasteur, Koch, Lister:

Medical Microbiology includes the study of micro organisms which colonize or infect human beings; the method by which they cause diseases; the body’s reaction to infection and particular antimicrobial prevention and treatment.

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                                                                        Figure: Louis Pasteur

The contribution of Louis Pasteur in the year (1822-1895) in France in the field of microbiology leads to a bigger understanding of human ailments and animal diseases. Much of Pasteur’s work included the growth of bacteria and yeasts in liquid cultures. He developed techniques of sterilization and of pasteurization. Pasteur (1857) noticed various kinds of microbes related with various kinds of fermentation. Example, Spheres of variable size (i.e., yeast cells) in alcohol fermentation and smaller rods (i.e., Lactobacilli) with lactic fermentation. This finding led Pasteur to state that particular microbe might cause particular disease in man.

His crowning accomplishments were Pasteurisation of milk, the development of methods to decrease the virulence of infectious organism, without removing their capacity to generate immunity. In this manner he developed vaccines, for the control of “anthrax”, “cholera”  and “rabies” in man.

Robert Koch (1843 – 1910:

Robert Koch, a younger modern of Pasteur, made his contributions on new processes for visualizing, staining, and growing bacteria. He solidified liquid culture media with agar. He also isolated and characterized the bacilli of anthrax, and tuberculosis and explained their causative role by a sequence of experiments.

After recognizing the tubercle bacillus, Koch has promoted his postulate, in order to differentiate a pathogenic microbe from adventitious microbes. The impact of his work towards the end of 19th century leads to the discovery of “specific toxins” formed by the causative bacteria for diphtheria and tetanus and “antibodies” generated in host animals against the toxins to neutralize their effect. His discovery also leads to the immunization therapy.

He was awarded Nobel Prize in the year 1905 for his effort on tuberculosis.

Contributions of Joseph Lister: (1827 - 1912) to microbiology is the method of “pure culture” of bacteria. The growth of a mass of cells of the similar species in a laboratory vessel/test tube employing serial dilutions in the liquid media is termed as pure culture. Lister acquired a pure culture of the organism Bacterium lactis also found the significance of pure culture that form the appropriate media for the growth of micro organisms, responsible for fermentation, infections, nitrogen fixation in soil, and so on. The pure culture methods lead to developments in the modern microbiology.

On the basis on Pasteur’s evidence, in the year 1860 Joseph Lister discovered a system for “antiseptic” surgery. This system prevents the surgical injury infection and other lethal problems.

 

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