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  Gonads

Gonads:

Both ovaries and testes, in addition to their role as reproductive gamete generating organs, function as endocrine structures as well.

Testis:

Testis in males, further to the germinal epithelial cells, consist groups of epithelioid cells termed as the interstitial or leydig cells. Such cells constitute the endocrine tissue of testis. The leydig cells secrete the androgenic hormone testosterone. The androgens are C19 steroids. In common post pubertal males, the rate of secretion of testosterone ranges from 4 to 9 mg per day.

Action of testosterone:

1. The testosterone causes embryonic growth of male reproductive organs,
2. It encourages the development of the secondary sexual characters of males, involving hair distribution, physical development, masculine voice and male behavior at puberty.

Ovary:

The ovaries are paired, rhombus in shape and located in the pelvic segment of the abdominal cavity. It discharges hormones like oestrogen and progesterone.

1. Oestrogen:

Under the persuade of the FSH from the adenohypophysis, the ovum develops and becomes enclosed in Graffian follicle. Related cells of the follicle generate a steroid hormone termed as estrogen. The oestrogens are C18 steroid compounds. It is answerable for the growth of female reproductive organs and for the emergence of secondary sexual characters.

2. Progesterone:

After the release of ovum from Graafian follicle and after fertilisation, the ruptured follicle cells form a latest structure termed as corpus luteum. It generates the pregnancy hormone progesterone. Progesterone is also manufactured and secreted by the placenta during the later portion of gestation. This hormone is a C-21 steroid compound. Progesterone is answerable for the premenstrual expansion in the non-pregnant woman’s uterus. The development of the placenta during pregnancy, the embedding of the fertilized ovum in the uterus (i.e., implantation).

3. Relaxin:
The corpus luteum of pregnant woman secretes other hormone, relaxin in addition to progesterone. The relaxin aids in relaxing the muscles and ligaments of pelvic organs during the childbirth (i.e., parturition).

 

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