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  Eye

Eye:

The visual system provides information about shape, size, color, luminosity and movements of object in the exterior world.

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                                                                          Figure: V.S. of human eye

Focusing Mechanism in the Human Eye:

Light rays incoming the eye are redirected or refracted. Refraction takes place via three surface of the eye before the light arrives at retina. The primary refracting surfaces is the cornea, then the front surface of the lens and lastly the rear surface of the lens.

Among the cornea and the lens is a colorless, watery fluid termed as aqueous humor. At the back of the eye among the lens and the retina is the vitreous humour made of a gelatinus mucoprotein. The humors are transparent, therefore transmissions of light via the cavities of the eye to the retina is not generally impeded. Human eye has a lens apparatus whose convexity can be adjusted for focusing near and far-away objects. This capability of the eyes to focus objects at varying distances is termed as ACCOMMODATION. The accommodation is attained due to ciliary muscle, suspensory ligament, and ciliary body.

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                                                Figure: Lens with ciliary muscles

Whenever a normal eye is looking at distant object, the ciliary muscles is fully relaxed and parallel rays from the object come to focus on retina. Therefore a clear image is seen. Whenever the object is brought close to the eye the refractive power of the eye is raised by the procedure of accommodation. The raise in refractive power is the outcome of an increase in the curvature of the anterior surface of the lens. This evades the blurred image for a closer object. Similar accommodation occurs for viewing a distant object by stretching the suspensory ligament joined to the lens. This act changes the contour of the lens.

 

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