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  Logic Programming Languages

Introduction to Logic Programming languages

Programming  that uses a form of symbolic logic as  a programming  languages is often called as logic programming and languages based on symbolic logic are called  logic programming languages. Slonneger and Kurtz have stated this languages as:

Logic programming allows a programming to describe the logical structure of a  problem rather than prescribe how  a computer is to  go about solving  it.

This  language is based on the  concepts of mathematical logic predicate calculus and lambda calculus. To  understand the term predicate calculus.  I would like  to discuss some related terms:

Proposition : A proposition can be thought of as a logical  statement that may or may not be true.

Example 10. . Consider the following statement written in LISP:

Man( Jake)

That means  Jake is a man where  man and Jake  are compound terms and Jake  is a  Tuple.

Example 11. Consider the following  statement  of LSIP given as :

Likes ( bob ,tea)

That means bob like  tea and  bob tea is  a two  tuple in the relation  named  likes.

Symbolic logic : Symbolic  logic can be  used the  three basic needs of formal  logic to express propositions, to express the  relationship between  propositions and to  describe  how new  propositions can be  inferred from other propositions that are assumed  to be true.

Predicate Calculus : The  particular form of symbolic logic that is used for  logic programming is called  predicate calculus.

Logic programming  languages are :Prolog  SASL, FUNLOG, LOGLISP etc.

Example 12. Considering  the program of prolog shown in fig 6.8. this  program illustrates some  relationship for father and grandparent.

Table

Every prolog statement  is terminated by a period.

Example 13. Consider a program in PROLOG illustrated in fig 6.9, to find the  length  of an  input list.

Table

In this example length  is finding  the total  elements present in N. As  there  are total of three elements  x,y, and z so N= 3. So we can see here that various functions  are  used to make  the program.

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