Introduction to Inheritance
Inheritance is the phenomenon by which objects of one class acquire the properties of objects of another class. It support the concept of hierarchical classification. It also introduces the concepts to of reusability is adding additional features to an existing class without modifying it. This is possible by deriving a new class from the existing one. The new class will have the combined features of both classes. For an example the class person in section7.4.2, is general enough to represent the base of all types of people but not specific enough to really be of any use.
Considering again the class person which respect to intieritance as shown in fig 7.8, where person is a super class and an employee and a student are subclasses of it. So these subclasses can inherit the features of their super class person. In this hierarchy at each level, new attributes and operation s may be added t those that have been inherited from higher level in the hierarchy.
So we need to build some separate entities ( sub classes) that have the attributes of the class person but also have some additional features that make them different from the parent class. An employee is a person but some different attributes are used to define it like salary, tax Id title and department. Similarly a student may be defined by his standard Roll no. And Rank.
It should be noted that any change to the data or operations contained within a super class is immediately inherited by all subclasses of that super class. Therefore the class hierarchy become a mechanism through which a change can be immediately propagated through a system.
Multiple Inheritances
When class inherit some attributes and operations from one class and others from any other class it refers to the multiple inheritance. This complicates the class hierarchy an creates potential problem in cong figuration control. Because multiple inheritance sequences are difficult to trace changes in the definition of a class that resides high in the hierarchy so it may have an unintended impact on class defined lower in the architecture .
Forms of Inheritance
Inheritance is classified according to the levels of inheritance an interrelation among the classes involved in the inheritance processes. The classification is given below:
1. Single Inheritance
2. Multiple Inheritance
3. Hierarchical Inheritance
4. Multillevel Inheritance
5. Hybrid Inheritance
6. Multipath Inheritance
Benefits of Inheritance
There are some advantages of using the inheritance principle as given below:
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