Introduction to Emergent Properties of System
After having a look of the characteristics of a system some emergent properties of a whole system are also defined. The relationships among the components of a system show that a system will be in the working condition when all its components are assembled to make it as a whole. So a system has some properties that are properties of a whole. These properties are called as the emergent properties. These emergent properties are defined for the whole system when all its parts are summed up to make it one. These properties are not related specifically to any one component. That why these properties are described for the complete whole sole integrated system.
It is difficult to know the emergent properties in advance, they can only be measured once the system have been integrated to form the complete system. For an example the emergent properties depend on the reliability of the system components and the relationships between the components .
There are two types of emergent properties.
1. Functional Properties : Show its affect when all the components of system are assembled to work together to achieve the goal. For example a pen has the functional property. Because we write with it ( the function of the pen) when all its components are integrated.
2. Non functional Properties : are related to the behaviour of the system in its operational environment . some of the non functional properties are reliability , performance etc.
Reliability is a complex concept which must always be considered at the system level. The components in system are interdependent, so failures in one component can be propagated through the system and effect the operation of components. Reliability of system can be measured by hardware reliability ( the probability of hardware failing and the time to repair that component) software reliability ( the probability of producing an incorrect output by a software component ) and operator reliability ( probability that the operator of a system will make an error.) when any hardware component or physical part breaks down then it will fail to achieve its objective until it is repaired or replaced. So until that part is repaired , the reliability of the system will be very low or less . similarly , in software is producing the incorrect output again and again then its reliability is not good. Similar case can be seen in operator reliability.
All of these are linked together, hardware failure can cause the software to behave in unpredictable manner . and it is quite possible that the operator may get irritate by the failure or hardware. And he can make the errors and more and more due to this behaviour of hardware and these more error lead to more hardware failures. Therefore, a situation can occur were a single subsystem failure that is recoverable can rapidly develop into a serious problem requiring a complete system shutdown.
Like reliability, performance of the system can also be measured.
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