Introduction to Reactions of Disubstituted Rings
When a benzene ring has two substituent groups, each benzene ring exerts an effect on subsequent substitution reactions. The deactivation or activation of the ring can be assumed more or less by the sum of the individual effects of these substituents. The site at which a new substituent is come into existence depends on the orientation of the existing groups and their individual directing effects. We can make out two usual behaviour categories, as displayed in the table below. So, the groups may be oriented in such type of a manner that their directing affects act in concert, reinforcing the result; or are opposed (antagonistic) to each other. Note: the orientations within each category change depending on whether the groups have identical or opposite individual directing effects.
The products from substitution reactions of compounds having a reinforcing orientation of substituents are easier to assume than those having antagonistic substituents. For an instance, the six equations displayed below are all instances of reinforcing or cooperative directing effects operating in the supposed manner. Symmetry, as in the first two examples, makes it easy to assume the site at which substitution is possible to occur. Note: if two distinct sites are favored, substitution will generally take place at the one that is least hindered by ortho groups.
The first three instances have two identical directing groups in a meta-relationship to each other. In instances 4 through 6, oppositely directing groups have an ortho or para-relationship. The main results of electrophilic substitution, as displayed, are the sum of the individual group effects. The strongly activating amino (-NH2) and hydroxyl (-OH) substituents favor dihalogenation in instance 5 and 6.
Compounds' Substitution reactions having an antagonistic orientation of substituents need a more careful analysis. If the substituents are similar, as in instance 1 below, the symmetry of the molecule will again make simpler the decision. It will generally exert the product determining affect, instances 2, 4 & 5, although it may be overall deactivating (case 2), When one substituent has a pair of non-bonding electrons presented for adjacent charge stabilization. Example 3 reflects a combination of steric hindrance and the superior innate stabilizing ability of methyl groups relative to other alkyl substituents. Case 6 is interesting in that it illustrates the conversion of an activating ortho/para-directing group into a deactivating meta-directing "onium" cation [-NH (CH3)2(+)] in a strong acid environment.
Qualified and Experienced Organic Chemistry Online Tutors at www.tutorsglobe.com
Tutors at the www.tutorsglobe.com take pledge to provide full satisfaction and assurance in Reactions of Disubstituted Rings homework help via online tutoring. Students are getting Chemistry homework help services across the globe with 100% satisfaction by online tutors. We value all our service-users. We provide email based Reactions of Disubstituted Rings homework help - assignment help. You can join us to ask queries 24x7 with live, experienced and qualified Chemistry online tutors specialized in Reactions of Disubstituted Rings. Through Online Tutoring, you would be able to complete your homework or assignments at your home.
Latest technology based Organic Chemistry Online Tutoring Assistance
Tutors at the www.tutorsglobe.com are committed to provide the best quality online tutoring assistance for homework help and assignment help services. They use their experience, as they have solved thousands of the Reactions of Disubstituted Rings assignments, which may help you to solve your complex Reactions of Disubstituted Rings homework. You can find solutions for all the topics come under the Reactions of Disubstituted Rings. The dedicated tutors provide eminence work on your Organic Chemistry homework help and devoted to provide K-12 level Chemistry to college level chemistry help before the deadline mentioned by the student. Reactions of Disubstituted Rings homework help is available here for the students of school, college and university. TutorsGlobe assure for the best quality compliance to your homework. Compromise with quality is not in our dictionary. If we feel that we are not able to provide the homework help as per the deadline or given instruction by the student, we refund the money of the student without any delay.
theory and lecture notes of binomial theorem all along with the key concepts of binomial theorem, binomial expansion, combinations, pascal's triangle and binomials rose to a power. tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on binomial theorem.
Society and Culture Assignment Help ensure that student receive top-notch help they need, regardless of the complexity & level of academics.
TutorsGlobe.com Chart of Account Assignment Help-Homework Help by Online T - Accounts Tutors
tutorsglobe.com human genome project assignment help-homework help by online modern genetics tutors
thermal expansions tutorial all along with the key concepts of Linear Expansion, Determination of Linear Expansion, Screw Gauge Method, Superficial Thermal Expansion, Cubical Thermal Expansion, Applications of Expansivity, Thermal Expansion in Liquids
compounds alkali metals tutorial all along with the key concepts of oxides and hydroxides, sulphides, hydrides, carbides, thermal stability of salts
Addition Reactions of Benzene tutorial all along with the key concepts of Reduction, Reactions of Side-chain, Isolated benzenoid hydrocarbon, Condensed or Fused Benzenoid Hydrocarbon, Naphthalene, Electrophilic Substitution of Naphthalene
Units and Dimensions tutorial all along with the key concepts of Definition of the Standards for Length, Time and Mass, Fundamental and Derived Units, Fundamental Units, Derived unit, Units of length for very large distances, Dimensional Analysis, Dimensional equation
Theory and lecture notes of Structure of Data manager all along with the key concepts of Data management, View component, Record component, Index component, Buffer manager. Tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on Structure of Data manager.
Our professional Computer Graphics Assignment Help tutors always offer plagiarism free paper at low prices to fetch you A++ grades.
Theory and lecture notes of Repeated Games all along with the key concepts of repeated games, Fixed Repetitions, nd-game problem, Indefinite Repetitions, trigger strategy, Cartel Enforcement. Tutorsglobe offers homework help, assignment help and tutor’s assistance on Repeated Games.
tutorsglobe.com nuclear reaction assignment help-homework help by online nuclear chemistry tutors
tutorial all along with the key concepts of Seismic Reflection Method, Seismic Refraction Methods, Seismic Waves , Types of Elastic Wave, Seismic Velocities, Velocities and the Time-Average Equation, Ray-Path Diagrams , Reflection and Refraction
tutorsglobe.com ethylene assignment help-homework help by online phytohormones tutors
tutorsglobe.com decomposition of sulphur compounds assignment help-homework help by online sulphur cycle tutors
1963601
Questions Asked
3689
Tutors
1485372
Questions Answered
Start Excelling in your courses, Ask an Expert and get answers for your homework and assignments!!