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  Types of Hydrogen bonds

Types of Hydrogen bonds:

There are two distinct types of hydrogen bonds as explained below:

A) Intermolecular hydrogen bonding:

This kind of bond is formed among the two molecules of the similar or different compounds. Few illustrations of the compounds showing intermolecular hydrogen bonds are: δ+ δ-

1. Hydrogen fluoride, H – F:

In solid state, hydrogen fluoride comprises of long zig-zag chains of molecules linked by hydrogen bonds as shown below:

826_hydrogen flouride.jpg


Hence, hydrogen fluoride is symbolized as (HF)n.

2. Water:

1961_water.jpg

In a water molecule, the electronegative oxygen atom makes two polar covalent bonds with two hydrogen atoms. Oxygen atom due to its higher electro-negativity gets partial negative charge and the two hydrogen atoms obtain partial positive charge. The negatively charged oxygen makes two hydrogen bonds with two positively charged hydrogen atoms of two neighboring molecules. Each oxygen atom is tetrahedral surrounded by four hydrogen atoms as illustrated below:

106_water 2.jpg

Hydrogen bonding in water outcomes in Hydrogen Bridge (H-O-H) network extending in 3-dimensions and the related water molecule might be stated as (H2O)n.

B) Intramolecular hydrogen bonding:

This kind of bond is formed among hydrogen atom and N, O or F atom of the similar molecule. This kind of hydrogen bonding is generally termed as chelation and is more often found in organic compounds. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding is possible whenever a six or five member rings can be created.

231_hydrogen bonding.jpg


                                    O-Nitrophenol                    Salicylic Acid                Salicylaldehyde


Intramolecular hydrogen bonding (i.e., chelation) reduces the boiling point of the compound and also its solubility in water by limiting the possibility of inter-molecular hydrogen bonding.

 

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