Infrared

Introduction to Infrared

Infrared radiation is abbreviated as IR radiation is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength among 0.7 and 300 micrometers, that equates to a frequency range among about 1 and 430 THz.

The wavelength of it is longer (and the frequency lower) than of visible light, but the wavelength is shorter and the frequency greater than of terahertz radiation microwaves. Bright sunlight gives an irradiance of just over 1 kilowatt per square meter at sea level. Of this energy, 445 watts is visible light, 527 watts is infrared radiation, and 32 watts is ultraviolet radiation.

Infrared imaging is employed extensively for military and civilian aims. Military applications involve target acquisition, and night vision, surveillance, homing and tracking. Non-military uses involve thermal efficiency analysis, short-ranged wireless communication, remote temperature sensing, spectroscopy, and weather forecasting. Infrared astronomy make use of sensor-equipped telescopes to go through dusty regions of space, like molecular clouds; detect objects like planets, and to view extremely red-shifted objects from the early days of the universe.

At the atomic level, infrared energy elicits vibrational modes in a molecule by a change in the dipole moment, by making it a helpful frequency range for study of these energy states for molecules of the correct symmetry. Infrared spectroscopy checks absorption and transmission of photons in the infrared energy range, relies on their intensity and frequency.

The term means below red, the Latin infra meaning "below". Red is the color of the longest wavelengths of visible light. Infrared light contain a longer wavelength (and thus a lower frequency) than of red light visible to humans, therefore the literal meaning of below red.

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